Effects of terrestrial runoff on the ecology of corals and coral reefs: review and synthesis

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2004, Volume and Issue: 50(2), P. 125 - 146

Published: Dec. 13, 2004

Language: Английский

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Environmental impacts of dredging and other sediment disturbances on corals: A review

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 64(9), P. 1737 - 1765

Published: June 7, 2012

A review of published literature on the sensitivity corals to turbidity and sedimentation is presented, with an emphasis effects dredging. The risks severity impact from dredging (and other sediment disturbances) are primarily related intensity, duration frequency exposure increased sedimentation. a coral reef impacts its ability recover depend antecedent ecological conditions reef, resilience ambient normally experienced. Effects stress have so far been investigated in 89 species (∼10% all known reef-building corals). Results these investigations provided generic understanding tolerance levels, response mechanisms, adaptations threshold levels natural anthropogenic disturbances. Coral polyps undergo high suspended-sediment concentrations subsequent light attenuation which affect their algal symbionts. Minimum requirements range <1% as much 60% surface irradiance. Reported limits systems for chronic <10 mg L−1 pristine offshore areas >100 marginal nearshore reefs. Some individual can tolerate short-term (days) 1000 while others show mortality after (weeks) low 30 L−1. that survive turbidities ranges several days (sensitive species) at least 5–6 weeks (tolerant species). Increased cause smothering burial polyps, shading, tissue necrosis population explosions bacteria mucus. Fine sediments tend greater than coarse sediments. Turbidity also reduce recruitment, survival settlement larvae. Maximum rates be tolerated by different cm−2 d−1 >400 d−1. durations <24 h sensitive few (>4 or >14 complete burial) very tolerant species. Hypotheses explain substantial differences between include growth form colonies size polyp calyx. validity hypotheses was tested basis 77 studies results this analysis reveal significant relationship form, but not calyx size. variation sensitivities reported may caused type particle applied experiments. many (in varying degrees) actively reject through inflation, mucus production, ciliary tentacular action (at considerable energetic cost), well intraspecific morphological mobility free-living mushroom corals, further contribute observed differences. Given wide among baseline water quality reefs, meaningful criteria limit extent plumes will always require site-specific evaluations, taking into account assemblage present site variability local background

Language: Английский

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Inhibition of coral recruitment by macroalgae and cyanobacteria

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal Year: 2006, Volume and Issue: 323, P. 107 - 117

Published: Oct. 5, 2006

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 323:107-117 (2006) - doi:10.3354/meps323107 Inhibition of coral recruitment by macroalgae and cyanobacteria Ilsa B. Kuffner1,*, Linda J. Walters2, Mikel A. Becerro3, Valerie Paul3, Raphael Ritson-Williams3, Kevin S. Beach4 1US Geological Survey, Center for Coastal & Watershed Studies, 600 4th Street South, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA 2University Central Florida, Department Biology, 4000 Boulevard, Orlando, 32816, 3Smithsonian Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, 34949, 4University Tampa, 401 W Kennedy 33606, *Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Coral is a key process in maintenance recovery reef ecosystems. While intense competition between algae often assumed on reefs that have undergone phase shifts from algal dominance, data examining competitive interactions involved, particularly during larval immediate post-settlement stage, are scarce. Using series field outdoor seawater table experiments, we tested hypothesis common species inhibit recruitment. We examined effects Lyngbya spp., Dictyota Lobophora variegata (J. V. Lamouroux) Womersley, Chondrophycus poiteaui Nam (formerly Laurencia poiteaui) success Porites astreoides larvae. All but C. caused either inhibition or avoidance behavior P. larvae, while L. confervoides D. menstrualis significantly increased mortality rates recruits. also effect some these macrophytes larvae gorgonian octocoral Briareum asbestinum. Exposure majuscula reduced survival Our results provide evidence use tactics beyond space occupation On experiencing temporary blooms, restocking adult populations may be slowed due inhibition, thereby perpetuating cover limiting community recovery. KEY WORDS: Allelopathy · Coral–algae spp. Phase shift Full text pdf format PreviousNextExport citation Tweet linkedIn Cited Published Vol. 323. Online publication date: October 05, 2006 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; 1616-1599 Copyright © Inter-Research.

Language: Английский

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New perspectives on ecological mechanisms affecting coral recruitment on reefs

Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 437 - 457

Published: Jan. 1, 2009

Coral mortality has increased in recent decades, making coral recruitment more important than ever sustaining reef ecosystems and contributing to their resilience.This review summarizes existing information on ecological factors affecting scleractinian recruitment.Successful requires the survival of offspring through sequential life history stages.Larval availability, successful settlement, post-settlement growth are all necessary for addition new individuals a ultimately maintenance or recovery ecosystems.As environmental conditions continue become hostile corals global scale, further research fertilization ecology, connectivity, larval condition, positive negative cues infl uencing substrate selection, ecology will be critical our ability manage these diverse recovery.A better understanding is fundamental management.

Language: Английский

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Effect of macroalgal competition on growth and survival of juvenile Caribbean corals

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 342, P. 139 - 149

Published: July 24, 2007

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 342:139-149 (2007) - doi:10.3354/meps342139 Effect of macroalgal competition on growth and survival juvenile Caribbean corals Steve J. Box1,2,*, Peter Mumby1 1Marine Spatial Laboratory, School BioSciences, University Exeter, Prince Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK 2Coral Cay Conservation, 40–42 Osnaburgh Street, London NW1 3ND, *Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Lobophora variegata Dictyota pulchella are dominant algal components coral reefs across Caribbean, but mechanisms outcomes spatial between these algae scleractinian poorly understood. In this study effects mortality by 2 forms competition, shading abrasion, were investigated. The small Agaricia spp. (<20 mm diameter) was monitored over a 14 mo period shallow forereefs in Roatán, Honduras. Experimental manipulations contact with periphery colonies conducted isolation from grazing through use exclusion cages. Shading L. caused an overall loss tissue significantly increased colony rates 0 50% 6 mo. presence around reduced corals, decreasing rate 60% that control had no detectable effect mortality. D. resulted 99% inhibition (i.e. just 1% corals). Peripheral (without shading) also retarded lesser extent: 31% controls. A synthetic alga made mimic action abrasion similar reduction actual pulchella, suggesting occurred because physical rather than allelochemical inhibition. severe proximity or may extend coral’s vulnerability whole Based monthly observed uncaged 0.035 ± 0.135 (SE), peripheral could decrease survivorship reaching 3 cm diameter 29 <2%. likewise cohort 11%. ability common macroalgae reduce interference contribute perpetuating dominance many reefs. KEY WORDS: Macroalgae · Coral Competition Growth Phase shifts Survival probability Full text pdf format PreviousNextExport citation Tweet linkedIn Cited Published Vol. 342. Online publication date: July 24, 2007 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; 1616-1599 Copyright © Inter-Research.

Language: Английский

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Capturing the cornerstones of coral reef resilience: linking theory to practice

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 795 - 809

Published: Sept. 30, 2008

Language: Английский

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Unseen players shape benthic competition on coral reefs

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 20(12), P. 621 - 628

Published: Sept. 1, 2012

Language: Английский

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Sexual production of corals for reef restoration in the Anthropocene

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 635, P. 203 - 232

Published: Nov. 29, 2019

Coral-reef ecosystems are experiencing frequent and severe disturbance events that reducing global coral abundance potentially overwhelming the natural capacity for reefs to recover. While mitigation strategies climate warming other anthropogenic disturbances implemented, restoration programmes being established worldwide as an additional conservation measure minimise loss enhance recovery. Current efforts predominantly rely on asexually produced fragments—a process with inherent practical constraints genetic diversity conserved spatial scale achieved. Because resilience of communities has hitherto relied regular renewal recruits, scaling-up would benefit from greater use sexually corals, which is approach gaining momentum. Here we review present state knowledge scleractinian sexual reproduction in context reef restoration, a focus broadcast-spawning corals. We identify key gaps bottlenecks currently constrain production corals consider feasibility using reef- reef-system scales.

Language: Английский

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Water quality mediates resilience on the Great Barrier Reef

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(4), P. 620 - 627

Published: March 11, 2019

Language: Английский

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Ocean acidification compromises recruitment success of the threatened Caribbean coral Acropora palmata

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 107(47), P. 20400 - 20404

Published: Nov. 8, 2010

Ocean acidification (OA) refers to the ongoing decline in oceanic pH resulting from uptake of atmospheric CO 2 . Mounting experimental evidence suggests that OA will have negative consequences for a variety marine organisms. Whereas effect on calcification adult reef corals is increasingly well documented, effects early life history stages are largely unknown. Coral recruitment, which necessitates successful fertilization, larval settlement, and postsettlement growth survivorship, critical persistence resilience coral reefs. To determine whether threatens sexual recruitment reef-building corals, we tested Acropora palmata at p levels represent average ambient conditions during spawning (∼400 μatm) range increases expected occur this century [∼560 μatm (mid-CO ) ∼800 (high-CO )]. Fertilization, were all negatively impacted by increasing , impairment fertilization was exacerbated lower sperm concentrations. The cumulative impact settlement success an estimated 52% 73% reduction number settlers under projected middle end century, respectively. Additional declines 39% 50% observed linear extension rates relative controls. These results suggest has potential multiple, sequential stages, thereby severely compromising ability reefs recover disturbance.

Language: Английский

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