The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. 965 - 977

Published: June 1, 2015

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 341 - 352

Published: May 27, 2016

Language: Английский

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The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

A substantial body of evidence supports that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulation metabolic, endocrine and immune functions. In recent years, there has been growing recognition involvement modulation multiple neurochemical pathways through highly interconnected gut-brain axis. Although amazing scientific breakthroughs over last few years have expanded our knowledge on communication between microbes their hosts, underpinnings microbiota-gut-brain crosstalk remain to be determined. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), main metabolites produced colon by bacterial fermentation dietary fibers resistant starch, are speculated play key neuro-immunoendocrine regulation. However, underlying mechanisms which SCFAs might influence brain physiology behavior not fully elucidated. this review, we will outline current about interactions. We also highlight how development future treatments for central nervous system (CNS) disorders can take advantage intimate mutual interactions with exploring function.

Language: Английский

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Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis

Behavioural Brain Research, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 277, P. 32 - 48

Published: July 29, 2014

Language: Английский

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Interactions between the microbiota, immune and nervous systems in health and disease

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 145 - 155

Published: Jan. 16, 2017

Language: Английский

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Gut/brain axis and the microbiota

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 125(3), P. 926 - 938

Published: Feb. 17, 2015

Tremendous progress has been made in characterizing the bidirectional interactions between central nervous system, enteric and gastrointestinal tract. A series of provocative preclinical studies have suggested a prominent role for gut microbiota these gut-brain interactions. Based on using rodents raised germ-free environment, appears to influence development emotional behavior, stress- pain-modulation systems, brain neurotransmitter systems. Additionally, perturbations by probiotics antibiotics exert modulatory effects some measures adult animals. Current evidence suggests that multiple mechanisms, including endocrine neurocrine pathways, may be involved microbiota-to-brain signaling can turn alter microbial composition behavior via autonomic system. Limited information is available how findings translate healthy humans or disease states involving gut/brain axis. Future research needs focus confirming rodent are translatable human physiology diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, autism, anxiety, depression, Parkinson's disease.

Language: Английский

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Control of Brain Development, Function, and Behavior by the Microbiome

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 565 - 576

Published: May 1, 2015

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome in neurological disorders

The Lancet Neurology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 179 - 194

Published: Nov. 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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Breaking down the barriers: the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and stress-related psychiatric disorders

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Oct. 14, 2015

The emerging links between our gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS) are regarded as a paradigm shift in neuroscience with possible implications for not only understanding pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders, but also their treatment. Thus its influence on host barrier function is positioned to be critical node within brain-gut axis. Mounting preclinical evidence broadly suggests that microbiota can modulate brain development, behavior by immune, endocrine neural pathways brain-gut-microbiota Detailed mechanistic insights explaining these specific interactions currently underdeveloped. However, concept "leaky gut" may facilitate communication key signaling has gained traction. Deficits intestinal permeability underpin chronic low-grade inflammation observed disorders such depression plays role regulating permeability. In this review we will discuss played maintaining CNS consequences when it becomes disrupted. We draw both clinical support well features which necessary normal function.

Language: Английский

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