Viruses,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(10), P. 2131 - 2131
Published: Oct. 21, 2023
TNX-1800
is
a
preclinical
stage
synthetic-derived
live
attenuated
chimeric
horsepox
virus
vaccine
engineered
to
express
the
SARS-CoV-2
spike
(S)
gene.
The
objectives
of
this
study
were
assess
safety,
tolerability,
and
immunogenicity
administration
in
Syrian
golden
hamsters
New
Zealand
white
rabbits.
Animals
vaccinated
at
three
doses
via
percutaneous
inoculation.
data
showed
that
single
dose
levels
was
well
tolerated
both
At
all
levels,
rabbits
more
decerning
regarding
site
reaction
than
hamsters.
Lastly,
no
genomes
could
be
detected
vaccination.
Post-vaccination,
animals
had
anti-SARS-CoV-2
protein
IgG
specific
antibody
responses.
These
demonstrate
infection
limited,
asymptomatic,
cleared
by
end
study,
able
generate
immune
Biomacromolecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(2), P. 541 - 563
Published: Jan. 19, 2024
Nanoformulation
of
active
payloads
or
pharmaceutical
ingredients
(APIs)
has
always
been
an
area
interest
to
achieve
targeted,
sustained,
and
efficacious
delivery.
Various
delivery
platforms
have
explored,
but
loading
APIs
challenging
because
the
chemical
structural
properties
these
molecules.
Polymersomes
made
from
amphiphilic
block
copolymers
(ABCPs)
shown
enormous
promise
as
a
tunable
API
platform
confer
multifold
advantages
over
lipid-based
systems.
For
example,
COVID
booster
vaccine
comprising
polymersomes
encapsulating
spike
protein
(ACM-001)
recently
completed
Phase
I
clinical
trial
provides
case
for
developing
safe
drug
products
based
on
ABCP
platforms.
However,
several
limitations
need
be
resolved
before
they
can
reach
their
full
potential.
In
this
Perspective,
we
would
like
highlight
such
aspects
requiring
further
development
translating
ABCP-based
proof
concept
viable
commercial
product.
PubMed,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
50(2), P. 61 - 68
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
T-cell-mediated
immunity
is
essential
for
controlling
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARSCoV2)
infection,
preventing
disease,
and
potentially
reducing
the
risk
of
long-term
disease
(COVID).
This
study
investigated
impact
natural
vaccination,
hybrid
on
T-cell
responses,
with
a
particular
emphasis
role
memory
T-cells
in
COVID-19.
The
present
reviewed
current
literature
including
development,
individuals
SARS-CoV-2
those
vaccinated
messenger
RNA
(mRNA)
vaccines,
immunity.
It
examined
studies
that
compared
activity,
immune
regulation,
prevalence
COVID-19
across
these
groups.
Natural
infection
induces
variable
cases
showing
stronger
but
sometimes
dysregulated
immunological
which
may
contribute
to
prolonged
Vaccination,
particularly
mRNA
elicits
targeted
consistent
T-cells,
severity,
incidence
Hybrid
combines
provides
most
robust
protection,
enhanceds
reduces
through
balanced
regulation.
Memory
play
critical
mitigating
Vaccination
significantly
enhances
immunity,
minimizing
chronic
symptoms
alone.
effective
defense,
emphasizing
importance
even
after
prevent
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 849 - 849
Published: April 15, 2023
The
global
rollout
of
COVID-19
vaccines
has
played
a
critical
role
in
reducing
pandemic
spread,
disease
severity,
hospitalizations,
and
deaths.
However,
the
first-generation
failed
to
block
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
infection
transmission,
partially
due
limited
induction
mucosal
immunity,
leading
continuous
emergence
variants
concern
(VOC)
breakthrough
infections.
To
meet
challenges
from
VOC,
durability,
lack
immune
response
vaccines,
novel
approaches
are
being
investigated.
Herein,
we
have
discussed
current
knowledge
pertaining
natural
vaccine-induced
controlling
SARS-CoV2
infection.
We
also
presented
status
aimed
at
eliciting
both
systemic
immunity.
Finally,
adjuvant-free
approach
elicit
effective
immunity
against
SARS-CoV-2,
which
lacks
safety
concerns
associated
with
live-attenuated
vaccine
platforms.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(17), P. 11200 - 11216
Published: April 15, 2024
Intranasal
vaccines,
eliciting
mucosal
immune
responses,
can
prevent
early
invasion,
replication,
and
transmission
of
pathogens
in
the
respiratory
tract.
However,
effective
delivery
antigens
through
nasal
barrier
boosting
a
robust
systematic
remain
challenges
intranasal
vaccine
development.
Here,
we
describe
an
intranasally
administered
self-healing
hydrogel
with
reversible
strain-dependent
sol-gel
transition
by
precisely
modulating
self-assembly
processes
between
natural
drug
rhein
aluminum
ions.
The
highly
bioadhesive
enhances
antigen
stability
prolongs
residence
time
cavity
lungs
confining
to
surface
mucosa,
acting
as
"mucosal
mask".
also
stimulates
superior
immunoenhancing
properties,
including
internalization,
cross-presentation,
dendritic
cell
maturation.
Furthermore,
formulation
recruits
immunocytes
mucosa
nasal-associated
lymphoid
tissue
(NALT)
while
enhancing
antigen-specific
humoral,
cellular,
responses.
Our
findings
present
promising
strategy
for
preparing
vaccines
infectious
diseases
or
cancer.
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: March 22, 2024
Severe
disease
due
to
COVID-19
has
declined
dramatically
as
a
result
of
widespread
vaccination
and
natural
immunity
in
the
population.
With
emergence
SARS-CoV-2
variants
that
largely
escape
vaccine-elicited
neutralizing
antibody
responses,
efficacy
original
vaccines
waned
required
vaccine
updating
boosting.
Nevertheless,
hospitalizations
deaths
have
remained
low.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
current
knowledge
immune
responses
contribute
population
mechanisms
how
attenuate
severity.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 10, 2025
The
immunomodulatory
effects
and
excellent
tolerability
of
polysaccharides
make
them
optimal
candidates
for
pulmonary
vaccine
adjuvants.
Yet,
the
structure-immunostimulatory
activity
relationship
remains
unrevealed.
Here,
we
developed
nanovaccines
decorated
with
four
distinct
structures─hyaluronic
acid
(HA),
pectin
(PC),
chondroitin
sulfate
(SC),
heparan
(SH)─all
sharing
similar
particle
sizes
zeta
potential.
Polysaccharides
containing
groups
(SC,
SH)
exhibited
superior
efficacy
in
overcoming
natural
inhalation
barriers
recruiting
dendritic
cells
(DC).
DC
stimulation
assays
revealed
that
HA
SH
significantly
upregulated
expression
costimulation
signals,
IL-6
secretion
rising
over
8.7-fold
compared
to
pure
OVA.
Fluorescence
resonance
energy
transfer
demonstrated
their
detachment
within
lysosomal
microenvironment,
thereby
enhancing
antigen
cross-presentation.
However,
vivo
findings
only
showed
CCR7
chemokine
swiftly
migrated
lymph
nodes.
Molecular
docking
Western
blot
analyses
further
elucidated
involvement
TLR─MyD88─TRAF6─NF-κB/MAPK/IRF-7
signaling
pathways.
Notably,
SH-modified
induced
a
more
robust
cellular
humoral
immune
response
potential
memory.
This
study
confirms
enhance
activation
combining
acetyl
offers
promising
adjuvant
configuration
augmenting
mucosal,
cellular,
immunity.
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(34)
Published: Aug. 23, 2024
SARS-CoV-2
infection
induces
the
generation
of
virus-specific
CD4
+
and
CD8
effector
memory
T
cells.
However,
contribution
cells
in
controlling
during
is
not
well
understood.
Following
C57BL/6
mice,
SARS-CoV-2–specific
are
recruited
to
respiratory
tract,
a
vast
proportion
secrete
cytotoxic
molecule
granzyme
B.
Using
depleting
antibodies,
we
found
that
within
lungs
play
minimal
role
viral
control,
clearance
occurs
absence
both
through
28
days
postinfection.
In
nasal
compartment,
depletion
cells,
but
individually,
results
persistent,
culturable
virus
replicating
epithelial
layer
Viral
sequencing
analysis
revealed
adapted
mutations
across
genome,
including
large
deletion
ORF6.
Overall,
our
findings
highlight
importance
replication
tract
infection.
