The Impact of Exercise on Immunity, Metabolism, and Atherosclerosis DOI Open Access

Ulrike Meyer-Lindemann,

Aldo Moggio,

Alexander Dutsch

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3394 - 3394

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Physical exercise represents an effective preventive and therapeutic strategy beneficially modifying the course of multiple diseases. The protective mechanisms are manifold; primarily, they elicited by alterations in metabolic inflammatory pathways. Exercise intensity duration strongly influence provoked response. This narrative review aims to provide comprehensive up-to-date insights into beneficial effects physical illustrating impact moderate vigorous on innate adaptive immunity. Specifically, we describe qualitative quantitative changes different leukocyte subsets while distinguishing between acute chronic effects. Further, elaborate how modifies progression atherosclerosis, leading cause death worldwide, representing a prime example disease triggered Here, counteracts causal contributors thereby improves outcomes. In addition, identify gaps that still need be addressed future.

Language: Английский

Circadian clocks and insulin resistance DOI
Dirk Jan Stenvers, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Patrick Schrauwen

et al.

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 75 - 89

Published: Dec. 7, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

560
Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease DOI Creative Commons
Reuben L. Smith, Maarten R. Soeters, Rob C. I. Wüst

et al.

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 39(4), P. 489 - 517

Published: April 24, 2018

The ability to efficiently adapt metabolism by substrate sensing, trafficking, storage, and utilization, dependent on availability requirement, is known as metabolic flexibility. In this review, we discuss the breadth depth of flexibility its impact health disease. Metabolic essential maintain energy homeostasis in times either caloric excess or restriction, low high demand, such during exercise. liver, adipose tissue, muscle govern systemic manage nutrient uptake, transport, expenditure communication via endocrine cues. At a molecular level, relies configuration pathways, which are regulated key enzymes transcription factors, many interact closely with mitochondria. Disrupted flexibility, inflexibility, however, associated pathological conditions including syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer. Multiple factors dietary composition feeding frequency, exercise training, use pharmacological compounds, influence will be discussed here. Last, outline important advances research medical horizons translational aspects.

Language: Английский

Citations

516
Circadian regulation of glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in humans DOI
Eleonora Poggiogalle, Humaira Jamshed, Courtney M. Peterson

et al.

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 84, P. 11 - 27

Published: Dec. 2, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

492
Sodium-Glucose Co-transporters and Their Inhibition: Clinical Physiology DOI Creative Commons
Ele Ferrannini

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 27 - 38

Published: May 11, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

284
Circadian rhythms and exercise — re-setting the clock in metabolic disease DOI
Brendan M. Gabriel, Juleen R. Zierath

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 197 - 206

Published: Jan. 17, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

283
Afternoon exercise is more efficacious than morning exercise at improving blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised crossover trial DOI Creative Commons
Mladen Savikj, Brendan M. Gabriel,

Petter S. Alm

et al.

Diabetologia, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 62(2), P. 233 - 237

Published: Nov. 13, 2018

Exercise is recommended for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes. However, most effective time day to achieve beneficial effects on health remains unknown. We aimed determine whether exercise training at two distinct times would have differing 24 h blood glucose levels in men with diabetes.Eleven diabetes underwent a randomised crossover trial. Inclusion criteria were 45-68 years age BMI between 23 33 kg/m2. Exclusion insulin presence another systemic illness. Researchers not blinded group assignment. The trial involved weeks either morning or afternoon high-intensity interval (HIIT) (three sessions/week), followed by week wash-out period subsequent opposite regimen. Continuous monitor (CGM)-based data obtained.Morning HIIT increased CGM-based concentration (6.9 ± 0.4 mmol/l; mean SEM days during 1) compared pre-training (6.4 0.3 mmol/l) (6.2 mmol/l 1). Conversely, reduced HIIT. Afternoon was associated elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; 1.9 0.2 mU/l) T4 (15.8 0.7 pmol/l) concentrations (1.4 mU/l TSH; 16.8 0.6 pmol/l T4). TSH also after (1.7 mU/l), whereas unaltered.Afternoon more efficacious than improving Strikingly, had an acute, deleterious effect, increasing glucose. studies longer regimens are warranted establish persistence this adverse effect. Our highlight importance optimising timing when prescribing it as

Language: Английский

Citations

217
Circadian misalignment induces fatty acid metabolism gene profiles and compromises insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle DOI Creative Commons
Jakob Wefers,

Dirk van Moorsel,

Jan Hansen

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(30), P. 7789 - 7794

Published: July 9, 2018

Circadian misalignment, such as in shift work, has been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, direct effects of circadian misalignment on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity the molecular clock have never studied humans. Here, we investigated metabolism 14 healthy young lean men [age 22.4 ± 2.8 years; body mass index (BMI) 22.3 2.1 kg/m2 (mean SD)] after a 3-d control protocol 3.5-d induced by 12-h rapid behavioral cycle. We show that short-term results significant decrease due to reduced nonoxidative glucose disposal (rate disappearance: 23.7 2.4 vs. 18.4 1.4 mg/kg per minute; misalignment; P = 0.024). Fasting free fatty acid levels well sleeping metabolic rate were higher during misalignment. Molecular analysis biopsies revealed was not aligned inverted cycle, transcriptome human PPAR pathway key player disturbed energy upon Our findings may provide mechanism underlying increased risk diabetes among workers.

Language: Английский

Citations

174
Circadian rhythms in mitochondrial respiration DOI Creative Commons
Paul de Goede, Jakob Wefers, Eline C. Brombacher

et al.

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 60(3), P. R115 - R130

Published: Jan. 30, 2018

Many physiological processes are regulated with a 24-h periodicity to anticipate the environmental changes of daytime nighttime and vice versa. These regulations, commonly termed circadian rhythms, among others control sleep–wake cycle, locomotor activity preparation for food availability during active phase (daytime humans nocturnal animals). Disturbing rhythms at organ or whole-body level by social jetlag shift work, increases risk develop chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The molecular basis this is topic increasing interest. Mitochondria essential organelles that produce majority energy in eukaryotes converting lipids carbohydrates into ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. To adapt ever-changing environment, mitochondria highly dynamic form function loss flexibility linked diseases. Interestingly, recent studies have indicated mitochondrial morphology (i.e., fusion fission) well generation new dependent on viable clock. In addition, fission display diurnal aligned light/darkness cycle. Besides morphological changes, respiration also displays changes. clock animal models leads abrogated rhythmicity altered respiration. Moreover, mitochondrial-dependent production reactive oxygen species, which plays role cellular signaling, has been review, we will summarize advances study how

Language: Английский

Citations

172
Impact of aging and exercise on skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity, energy metabolism, and physical function DOI Creative Commons
Lotte Grevendonk, Niels J. Connell, Christopher McCrum

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 6, 2021

Abstract The relationship between the age-associated decline in mitochondrial function and its effect on skeletal muscle physiology remain unclear. In current study, we examined to what extent physical activity contributes health during aging compared young older adults, with similar habitual levels. We also studied exercise-trained adults physically impaired adults. Aging was associated a capacity, exercise capacity efficiency, gait stability, function, insulin sensitivity, even when maintaining an adequate daily level. Our data suggest that further increase level, achieved through regular training, can largely negate effects of aging. Finally, correlated efficiency sensitivity. Together, our support link deterioration muscle.

Language: Английский

Citations

161
The molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals DOI
Regula Furrer, John A. Hawley, Christoph Handschin

et al.

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 103(3), P. 1693 - 1787

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Human skeletal muscle demonstrates remarkable plasticity, adapting to numerous external stimuli including the habitual level of contractile loading. Accordingly, function and exercise capacity encompass a broad spectrum, from inactive individuals with low levels endurance strength elite athletes who produce prodigious performances underpinned by pleiotropic training-induced muscular adaptations. Our current understanding signal integration, interpretation, output coordination cellular molecular mechanisms that govern plasticity across this continuum is incomplete. As such, training methods their application largely rely on “trial-and-error” approach, experience practices successful coaches often providing bases for “post hoc” scientific enquiry research. This review provides synopsis morphological functional changes along underlying adaptation endurance- resistance-based training. These traits are placed in context innate genetic interindividual differences performance, special consideration given aging athletes. Collectively, we provide comprehensive overview response different modes how such adaptations translate “molecules medals.”

Language: Английский

Citations

92