The Emergence of a Circuit Model for Addiction

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 257 - 276

Published: May 5, 2016

Addiction is a disease of altered behavior. Addicts use drugs compulsively and will continue to do so despite negative consequences. Even after prolonged periods abstinence, addicts are at risk relapse, particularly when cues evoke memories that associated with drug use. Rodent models mimic many the core components addiction, from initial reinforcement cue-associated relapse continued intake have also enabled unprecedented mechanistic insight into revealing plasticity glutamatergic synaptic transmission evoked by strong activation mesolimbic dopamine—a defining feature all addictive drugs—as neural substrate for these drug-adaptive behaviors. Cell type–specific optogenetic manipulations allowed both identification relevant circuits design protocols reverse drug-evoked establish links causality The emergence circuit model addiction open door novel therapies, such as deep brain stimulation.

Language: Английский

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Disrupted Homer scaffolds mediate abnormal mGluR5 function in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 431 - 440

Published: Jan. 22, 2012

Language: Английский

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Glutamate Synapses in Human Cognitive Disorders

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 38(1), P. 127 - 149

Published: April 21, 2015

Accumulating data, including those from large genetic association studies, indicate that alterations in glutamatergic synapse structure and function represent a common underlying pathology many symptomatically distinct cognitive disorders. In this review, we discuss evidence human studies data animal models supporting role for aberrant the etiology of intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia (SCZ), neurodevelopmental disorders comprise significant proportion disease exact substantial financial social burden. The varied manifestations impaired perceptual processing, executive function, interaction, communication, and/or ability ID, ASD, SCZ appear to emerge altered neural microstructure, wiring rather than gross changes neuron number or morphology. Here, review these may share neuropathy: excitatory function. We focus on most promising candidate genes affecting highlighting likely disease-relevant functional consequences each. first present brief overview synapses then explore phenotypic glutamate signaling SCZ.

Language: Английский

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The Corticohippocampal Circuit, Synaptic Plasticity, and Memory

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 7(11), P. a021733 - a021733

Published: Nov. 1, 2015

Jayeeta Basu1 and Steven A. Siegelbaum2,3,4 1Department of Neuroscience Physiology, NYU Institute, New York University School Medicine, York, 10016 2Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, 10032 3Department Neuroscience, 4Department Pharmacology, Correspondence: sas8{at}columbia.edu

Language: Английский

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Optogenetic dissection of medial prefrontal cortex circuitry

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Dec. 9, 2014

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critically involved in numerous cognitive functions, including attention, inhibitory control, habit formation, working memory and long-term memory. Moreover, through its dense interconnectivity with subcortical regions (e.g., thalamus, striatum, amygdala hippocampus), the mPFC thought to exert top-down executive control over processing of aversive appetitive stimuli. Because has been implicated a wide range emotional stimuli, it function as central hub brain circuitry mediating symptoms psychiatric disorders. New optogenetics technology enables anatomical functional dissection unprecedented spatial temporal resolution. This provides important novel insights contribution specific neuronal subpopulations their connectivity health disease states. In this review, we present current knowledge obtained optogenetic methods concerning dysfunction integrate findings from traditional intervention approaches used investigate animal models

Language: Английский

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