Bayesian Surprise Predicts Human Event Segmentation in Story Listening DOI Creative Commons
Manoj Kumar, Ariel Goldstein, Sebastian Michelmann

et al.

Cognitive Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Event segmentation theory posits that people segment continuous experience into discrete events and event boundaries occur when there are large transient increases in prediction error. Here, we set out to test this the context of story listening, by using a deep learning language model (GPT-2) compute predicted probability distribution next word, at each point story. For three stories, used distributions generated GPT-2 time series We also asked participants listen these stories while marking boundaries. regression models relate measures human data. found associated with Bayesian surprise but not simpler measure error (surprisal) tracks, for word story, how strongly was previous point. These results support hypothesis serves as control mechanism governing important differences between operational definitions

Language: Английский

Movie viewing elicits rich and reliable brain state dynamics DOI Creative Commons
J. van der Meer, Michael Breakspear, Luke J. Chang

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Oct. 5, 2020

Adaptive brain function requires that sensory impressions of the social and natural milieu are dynamically incorporated into intrinsic activity. While dynamic switches between states have been well characterised in resting state acquisitions, remodelling these transitions by engagement naturalistic stimuli remains poorly understood. Here, we show temporal dynamics states, as measured fMRI, reshaped from predominantly bistable two relatively indistinct at rest, toward a sequence well-defined functional during movie viewing whose temporally aligned to specific features movie. The expression covaries with different physiological reflects subjectively rated In sum, data-driven decoding reveals distinct reshaping network reliable accompany switch perceptual immersion an ecologically valid experience.

Language: Английский

Citations

169
Mobile cognition: imaging the human brain in the ‘real world’ DOI
Matthias Stangl, Sabrina L. Maoz, Nanthia Suthana

et al.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 347 - 362

Published: April 12, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

99
Why is everyone talking about brain state? DOI Creative Commons
Abigail S. Greene, Corey Horien, Daniel Barson

et al.

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(7), P. 508 - 524

Published: May 8, 2023

The rapid and coordinated propagation of neural activity across the brain provides foundation for complex behavior cognition. Technical advances neuroscience subfields have advanced understanding these dynamics, but points convergence are often obscured by semantic differences, creating silos subfield-specific findings. In this review we describe how a parsimonious conceptualization state as fundamental building block whole-brain offers common framework to relate findings scales species. We present examples diverse techniques commonly used study states associated with physiology higher-order cognitive processes, discuss integration them will enable more comprehensive mechanistic characterization dynamics that crucial survival disrupted in disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

80
Beyond simple laboratory studies: Developing sophisticated models to study rich behavior DOI Creative Commons
Antonella Maselli, Jeremy Gordon, Mattia Eluchans

et al.

Physics of Life Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46, P. 220 - 244

Published: July 13, 2023

Psychology and neuroscience are concerned with the study of behavior, internal cognitive processes, their neural foundations. However, most laboratory studies use constrained experimental settings that greatly limit range behaviors can be expressed. While focusing on restricted ensures methodological control, it risks impoverishing object study: by restricting we might miss key aspects function. In this article, argue psychology should increasingly adopt innovative designs, measurement methods, analysis techniques sophisticated computational models to probe rich, ecologically valid forms including social behavior. We discuss challenges studying rich behavior as well novel opportunities offered state-of-the-art methodologies new sensing technologies, highlight importance developing formal models. exemplify our arguments reviewing some recent streams research in psychology, other fields (e.g., sports analytics, ethology robotics) have addressed a model-based manner. hope these "success cases" will encourage psychologists neuroscientists extend toolbox behavioral – them processes they engage.

Language: Английский

Citations

43
Schemas, reinforcement learning and the medial prefrontal cortex DOI
Oded Bein, Yael Niv

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

4
The hippocampus constructs narrative memories across distant events DOI Creative Commons
Brendan I. Cohn‐Sheehy, Angelique I. Delarazan, Zachariah M. Reagh

et al.

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(22), P. 4935 - 4945.e7

Published: Sept. 29, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

83
Signed and unsigned reward prediction errors dynamically enhance learning and memory DOI Creative Commons
Nina Rouhani, Yael Niv

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 2, 2021

Memory helps guide behavior, but which experiences from the past are prioritized? Classic models of learning posit that events associated with unpredictable outcomes as well as, paradoxically, predictable outcomes, deploy more attention and for those events. Here, we test reinforcement subsequent memory events, treat signed unsigned reward prediction errors (RPEs), experienced at reward-predictive cue or outcome, drivers these two seemingly contradictory signals. By fitting to find both RPEs contribute by modulating a dynamically changing rate. We further characterize effects RPE signals on show enhance memory, in line midbrain dopamine locus-coeruleus modulation hippocampal plasticity, thereby reconciling separate findings literature.

Language: Английский

Citations

80
Neural signatures of attentional engagement during narratives and its consequences for event memory DOI Creative Commons
Hayoung Song, Emily S. Finn, Monica D. Rosenberg

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(33)

Published: Aug. 12, 2021

As we comprehend narratives, our attentional engagement fluctuates over time. Despite theoretical conceptions of narrative as emotion-laden attention, little empirical work has characterized the cognitive and neural processes that comprise subjective in naturalistic contexts or its consequences for memory. Here, relate fluctuations to patterns brain coactivation test whether signatures predict subsequent In behavioral studies, participants continuously rated how engaged they were watched a television episode listened story. Self-reported was synchronized across individuals driven by emotional content narratives. functional MRI datasets collected different same show story, drove synchrony, such default mode network activity more during engaging moments Furthermore, models based on time-varying connectivity predicted evolving states independent datasets. The connections overlapped with validated neuromarker sustained attention recall events. Together, findings characterize elucidate relationships among engagement, event

Language: Английский

Citations

80
Neural event segmentation of continuous experience in human infants DOI Creative Commons
Tristan S. Yates, Lena J. Skalaban, Cameron T. Ellis

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(43)

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

How infants experience the world is fundamental to understanding their cognition and development. A key principle of adult that, despite receiving continuous sensory input, we perceive this input as discrete events. Here investigate such event segmentation in how it differs from adults. Research on often uses simplified tasks which (adult) experimenters help solve problem for by defining boundaries or presenting actions/vignettes. This presupposes events are experienced leaves open questions about principles governing infant segmentation. We take a different, data-driven approach studying input. collected whole-brain functional MRI (fMRI) data awake (and adults, comparison) watching cartoon used hidden Markov model identify states brain. quantified existence, timescale, organization multiple-event representations across brain regions. The exhibited known hierarchical gradient timescales, shorter early visual regions longer later associative In contrast, represented only events, even regions, with no timescale hierarchy. these partially overlapped defined activity behavioral judgments. These findings suggest that organized differently infants, timescales more stable neural patterns, may indicate greater temporal integration reduced precision during dynamic, naturalistic perception.

Language: Английский

Citations

51
Contextual inference in learning and memory DOI Creative Commons
James B. Heald, Máté Lengyel, Daniel M. Wolpert

et al.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 43 - 64

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

Context is widely regarded as a major determinant of learning and memory across numerous domains, including classical instrumental conditioning, episodic memory, economic decision-making, motor learning. However, studies these domains remain disconnected due to the lack unifying framework formalizing concept context its role in Here, we develop unified vernacular allowing direct comparisons between different contextual This leads Bayesian model positing that unobserved needs be inferred. Contextual inference then controls creation, expression, updating memories. theoretical approach reveals two distinct components underlie adaptation, proper apparent learning, respectively referring creation memories versus time-varying adjustments their expression. We review number extensions basic allow it account for increasingly complex forms

Language: Английский

Citations

49