Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: Sept. 23, 2022
It
is
well
established
that
acute
moderate-intensity
exercise
improves
cognitive
performance.
However,
the
effects
of
high-intensity
aerobic
on
performance
have
not
been
characterized.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
literature
investigating
exercise-cognition
interaction,
especially
focusing
exercise.
We
discuss
methodological
and
physiological
factors
potentially
mediate
in
response
to
propose
are
primarily
affected
by
timing
task
(during
vs.
after
exercise,
time
delay
exercise).
particular,
more
likely
be
impaired
during
when
both
demands
high
completed
simultaneously
(i.e.,
dual-task
paradigm).
The
may
also
type
task,
physical
fitness,
mode/duration,
age.
Second,
suggest
interactions
between
changes
regional
cerebral
blood
flow
(CBF),
oxygenation,
metabolism,
neuromodulation
neurotransmitters/neurotrophic
factors,
a
variety
psychological
promising
candidates
determine
present
review
has
implications
for
recreational,
sporting,
occupational
activities
where
required
concurrently.
Brain Plasticity,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
2(2), P. 127 - 152
Published: Feb. 14, 2017
A
significant
body
of
work
has
investigated
the
effects
acute
exercise,
defined
as
a
single
bout
physical
activity,
on
mood
and
cognitive
functions
in
humans.
Several
excellent
recent
reviews
have
summarized
these
findings;
however,
neurobiological
basis
results
received
less
attention.
In
this
review,
we
will
first
briefly
summarize
behavioral
changes
that
occur
with
exercise
We
then
review
from
both
human
animal
model
studies
documenting
wide
range
neurophysiological
neurochemical
alterations
after
exercise.
Finally,
discuss
strengths,
weaknesses,
missing
elements
current
literature,
well
offer
an
standardization
protocol
provide
possible
goals
for
future
research.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
21(3), P. 1170 - 1170
Published: Feb. 10, 2020
Brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF)
promotes
neuroprotection
and
neuroregeneration.
In
animal
models
of
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD),
BDNF
enhances
the
survival
dopaminergic
neurons,
improves
neurotransmission
motor
performance.
Pharmacological
therapies
PD
are
symptom-targeting,
their
effectiveness
decreases
with
progression
disease;
therefore,
new
therapeutical
approaches
needed.
Since,
in
both
patients
models,
decreased
level
was
found
nigrostriatal
pathway,
it
has
been
hypothesized
that
may
serve
as
a
therapeutic
agent.
Direct
delivery
exogenous
into
patient’s
brain
did
not
relieve
symptoms
disease,
nor
attempts
to
enhance
expression
gene
therapy.
Physical
training
neuroprotective
PD.
This
effect
is
mediated,
at
least
partly,
by
BDNF.
Animal
studies
revealed
physical
activity
increases
tropomyosin
receptor
kinase
B
(TrkB)
expression,
leading
inhibition
neurodegeneration
through
induction
transcription
factors
genes
related
neuronal
proliferation,
survival,
inflammatory
response.
review
focuses
on
evidence
increasing
due
modulation
or
exercise
could
be
considered
adjunctive
therapy
Brain Plasticity,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
4(1), P. 17 - 52
Published: Dec. 12, 2018
Physical
activity
plays
an
essential
role
in
maintaining
a
healthy
body,
yet
it
also
provides
unique
benefits
for
the
vascular
and
cellular
systems
that
sustain
brain.While
benefit
of
exercise
has
been
observed
humans
all
ages,
availability
preclinical
models
permitted
systematic
investigations
into
mechanisms
by
which
supports
protects
brain.Over
past
twenty-five
years,
rodent
have
shown
increased
physical
elevates
neurotrophic
factors
hippocampal
cortical
areas,
facilitating
neurotransmission
throughout
brain.Increased
(such
as
voluntary
use
running
wheel
or
regular,
timed
sessions
on
treadmill)
promotes
proliferation,
maturation
survival
cells
dentate
gyrus,
contributing
to
process
adult
neurogenesis.In
this
way,
studies
tremendous
value
they
demonstrate
'active
lifestyle'
capacity
ameliorate
number
age-related
changes
brain,
including
decline
neurogenesis.Moreover,
these
greater
may
protect
brain
health
advanced
age
through
complimentary
mechanisms:
addition
upregulating
pro-survival
pathways
enhancing
synaptic
plasticity,
supporting
cerebrovasculature,
sustaining
integrity
blood-brain
barrier,
increasing
glymphatic
clearance
proteolytic
degradation
amyloid
beta
species,
regulating
microglia
activation.Collectively,
initiates
diverse
powerful
neuroprotective
converge
promote
continued
old
age.This
review
will
draw
both
seminal
current
literature
highlights
functioning
aids
its
protection.
Frontiers in Psychology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: Nov. 1, 2019
In
general,
it
is
well-recognized
that
both
acute
physical
exercises
and
regular
training
influence
brain
plasticity
cognitive
functions
positively.
However,
growing
evidence
shows
the
same
induce
very
heterogeneous
outcomes
across
individuals.
an
attempt
to
better
understand
this
interindividual
heterogeneity
in
response
exercising,
most
research,
so
far,
has
focused
on
non-modifiable
factors
such
as
sex
different
genotypes,
while
relatively
little
attention
been
paid
exercise
prescription
a
modifiable
factor.
With
adapted
dosage
can
be
made
comparable
individuals,
procedure
which
necessary
dose-response
relationship
exercise-cognition
research.
This
improved
understanding
of
relationships
could
help
design
more
efficient
approaches
against,
for
instance,
decline.
The FASEB Journal,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
32(3), P. 1417 - 1427
Published: Nov. 10, 2017
High-intensity
interval
exercise
(HIIE)
improves
cerebral
executive
function
(EF),
but
the
improvement
in
EF
is
attenuated
after
repeated
HIIE,
perhaps
because
of
lower
lactate
availability
for
brain.
This
investigation
examined
whether
improved
relates
to
brain
uptake.
Fourteen
healthy,
male
subjects
performed
2
HIIE
protocols
separated
by
60
min
rest.
Blood
samples
were
obtained
from
right
internal
jugular
venous
bulb
and
brachial
artery
determine
arterial-venous
differences
across
(a-v
difflactate),
glucose
diffglucose),
oxygen
diffoxygen),
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF;
a-v
diffBDNF).
was
evaluated
color-word
Stroop
task.
The
first
40
min,
whereas
second
only
immediately
exercise.
diffglucose
unchanged,
diffBDNF
increased
similarly
both
HIIEs,
difflactate
increased,
increase
compared
with
(
P
<
0.05).
correlated
r2
=
0.62;
0.01).
We
propose
that
reduced
metabolism
is,
thereby,
linked
systemic
as
an
example
shuttle
mechanism.-Hashimoto,
T.,
Tsukamoto,
H.,
Takenaka,
S.,
Olesen,
N.
D.,
Petersen,
L.
G.,
Sørensen,
Nielsen,
H.
B.,
Secher,
Ogoh,
S.
Maintained
exercise-enhanced
related
men.
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
7(6), P. 132 - 132
Published: May 31, 2018
There
is
evidence
to
suggest
that
biological
sex
plays
a
critical
role
in
memory
function,
with
differentially
influencing
type.
In
this
review,
we
detail
the
current
evaluating
sex-specific
effects
on
various
types.
We
also
discuss
potential
mechanisms
explain
these
effects,
which
include
differences
neuroanatomy,
neurochemical
differences,
and
cognitive
affect-related
differences.
Central
highlight
that,
despite
established
memory,
there
little
work
directly
comparing
whether
males
females
have
differential
exercise-induced
effect
function.
As
discussed
herein,
such
plausible
given
clear
exercise
response,
molecular
mediators
of
memory.
emphasize
future
should
be
carefully
powered
detect
Future
research
examine
exercise-related
for
types
intensities
modalities.
This
will
help
enhance
our
understanding
indeed
moderates
as
such,
improve
sex-specific,
memory-enhancing
interventions
developed,
implemented,
evaluated.
