Recent Insights into Particulate Matter (PM2.5)-Mediated Toxicity in Humans: An Overview

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. 7511 - 7511

Published: June 19, 2022

Several epidemiologic and toxicological studies have commonly viewed ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), defined as particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm, a significant potential danger to human health. PM2.5 is mostly absorbed through the respiratory system, where it can infiltrate lung alveoli reach bloodstream. In reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) oxidative stress stimulate generation mediators pulmonary inflammation begin promote numerous illnesses. According most recent data, matter, PM2.5, responsible for nearly 4 million deaths globally from cardiopulmonary illnesses such heart disease, infections, chronic cancers, preterm births, other There has been increased worry in years about negative impacts this worldwide danger. The causal associations between health, toxic effects mechanisms molecular pathways described review.

Language: Английский

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How can vegetation protect us from air pollution? A critical review on green spaces' mitigation abilities for air-borne particles from a public health perspective - with implications for urban planning

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 796, P. 148605 - 148605

Published: June 24, 2021

Air pollution causes the largest death toll among environmental risks globally, but interventions to purify ambient air remain inadequate. Vegetation and green spaces have shown reductive effects on air-borne pollutants concentrations, especially of particulate matter (PM). Guidance space utilisation for quality control remains scarce, however, as does its application in practise. To strengthen foundation research interventions, we undertook a critical review state science from public health perspective. We used inter-disciplinary search strategies published reviews key scientific databases. Using PRISMA checklist, systematically identified with quantitative analyses. For each presented PM mitigation mechanisms, conducted additional searches focused most recent articles between 2016 early 2021. The included differentiate three mechanisms PM: deposition, dispersion modification. studied mechanism is particularly measures mass settling velocity plant leaves. consolidate how setups differ by scale context their potentials reduce peak exposures, stationary (point) or mobile (line) sources, potentially harmful components. assessed findings suggest diverse optimisation options concerning selection, spatial setup, ventilation maintenance – all alongside consideration supplementary vegetation like temperature water. Green spaces' concentrations are considerable, multi-mechanistic varied scale, characteristics. Such effect-modifying factors must be considered when rethinking design, accelerated COVID-19 pandemic. Weak linkages amid involved disciplines motivate development framework health-oriented guidance. conclude an urgent need integrated risk-based approach through interventions.

Language: Английский

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Ionic Liquid‐Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Sensors, Energy, Biomedicine, and Environmental Applications: Roadmap to the Future

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(26)

Published: July 19, 2022

Current interest toward ionic liquids (ILs) stems from some of their novel characteristics, like low vapor pressure, thermal stability, and nonflammability, integrated through high conductivity broad range electrochemical strength. Nowadays, represent a new category chemical-based compounds for developing superior multifunctional substances with potential in several fields. ILs can be used solvents such as salt electrolyte additional materials. By adding functional physiochemical variety IL-based electrolytes also energy storage purposes. It is hoped that the present review will supply guidance future research focused on polymer nanocomposites sensors, performance, biomedicine, environmental applications. Additionally, comprehensive overview about polymer-based composites' components, including classification types matrix available provided this review. More focus placed upon ILs-based polymeric multiple applications biosensors, energy-related materials, actuators, environmental, aviation aerospace industries. At last, existing challenges prospects field are discussed concluding remarks provided.

Language: Английский

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Mortality Attributable to Ambient Air Pollution: A Review of Global Estimates

GeoHealth, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Dec. 20, 2022

Abstract Since the publication of first epidemiological study to establish connection between long‐term exposure atmospheric pollution and effects on human health, major efforts have been dedicated estimate attributable mortality burden, especially in context Global Burden Disease (GBD). In this work, we review estimates excess outdoor air at global scale, by comparing studies available literature. We find large differences estimates, which are related response functions as well number health outcomes included calculations, aspects where further improvements necessary. Furthermore, show that despite considerable advancements our understanding impacts consequent improvement accuracy their precision has not increased last decades. offer recommendations for future measurements research directions, will help improve quantification pollution‐health relationships.

Language: Английский

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Source apportionment of PM2.5 in Seoul, South Korea and Beijing, China using dispersion normalized PMF

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 833, P. 155056 - 155056

Published: April 5, 2022

East Asian countries experience severe air pollution owing to their rapid development and urbanization induced by substantial economic activities. South Korea China are among the most polluted with high mass concentrations of PM2.5. Although occurrence transboundary neighboring has been recognized for a long time, studies involving simultaneous ground-based PM2.5 monitoring source apportionment in have not conducted date. This study performed daily Seoul Beijing from January December 2019. The its major chemical components were analyzed simultaneously during Positive matrix factorization (PMF) as well dispersion normalized PMF (DN-PMF) utilized ambient at two sites. 23 h average ventilation coefficients applied constituents' data. Nine sources identified both While secondary nitrate, sulfate, mobile, oil combustion, biomass burning, soil, aged sea salt commonly found sites, industry/coal combustion incinerator only incinerator/industry coal Beijing. Reduction meteorological influences DN-PMF compare C-PMF but effects DN on mobile reduced averaging over sampling period. results showed that Secondary nitrate (Seoul: 25.5%; Beijing: 31.7%) sulfate 20.5%; 17.6%) dominant contributors Decreasing contributions increasing observed

Language: Английский

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Source apportionment of particle number concentrations: A global review

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 819, P. 153104 - 153104

Published: Jan. 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Characterisation of the correlations between oxidative potential and in vitro biological effects of PM10 at three sites in the central Mediterranean

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 448, P. 130872 - 130872

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is one of the major risks for global health. The exact mechanisms toxicity are still not completely understood leading to contrasting results when different metrics compared. In this work, PM10 was collected at three sites determination acellular oxidative potential (OP), intracellular stress (OSGC), cytotoxicity (MTT assay), and genotoxicity (Comet assay). in vitro tests were done on A549 cell line. objective investigate correlations among indicators, variability sites, how these influenced by main sources using PMF receptor model coupled with MLR. OPDTTV, OSGCV, strongly combustion sources. Advection African dust led lower-than-average intrinsic indicators. OPDTTV OSGCV showed site-dependent suggesting that OP may be fully representative all conditions. Cytotoxicity correlated both two out strength correlation larger OSGCV. Genotoxicity both, three. Results suggest several indicators useful gain a picture health effects PM.

Language: Английский

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A global review of the state of the evidence of household air pollution's contribution to ambient fine particulate matter and their related health impacts

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 173, P. 107835 - 107835

Published: Feb. 19, 2023

Direct exposure to household fine particulate air pollution (HAP) associated with inefficient combustion of fuels (wood, charcoal, coal, crop residues, kerosene, etc.) for cooking, space-heating, and lighting is estimated result in 2.3 (1.6–3.1) million premature yearly deaths globally. HAP emitted indoors escapes outdoors a leading source outdoor ambient (AAP) low- middle-income countries, often being larger contributor than well-recognized sources including road transport, industry, coal-fired power plants, brick kilns, construction dust. We review published scientific studies that model the contribution AAP at global major sub-regional scales. describe strengths limitations current state knowledge on HAP's related impact public health provide recommendations improve these estimates. find dominant matter (PM2.5) globally — regardless variations types, configurations, emission inventories used contributes approximately 20 % total PM2.5 exposure. There are large regional variations: South Asia, ∼ 30 PM2.5, while high-income North America fraction 7 %. The median estimate indicates results substantial mortality burden about 0.77(0.54–1) excess deaths, addition from direct Coordinated action required avert this burden.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Fossil Fuel Combustion Metals in PM2.5 Air Pollution Health Associations

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1086 - 1086

Published: Aug. 24, 2021

In this review, we elucidate the central role played by fossil fuel combustion in health-related effects that have been associated with inhalation of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We especially focus on individual properties and concentrations metals commonly found PM air pollution, as well their sources adverse health effects, based both epidemiologic toxicological evidence. It is known transition metals, such Ni, V, Fe, Cu, are highly capable participating redox reactions produce oxidative stress. Therefore, particles enriched, per unit mass, these those from combustion, can greater potential to than other matter. Moreover, also contain varying amounts sulfur, acidic nature resulting sulfur compounds (e.g., ammonium sulfate, bisulfate, or sulfuric acid) makes more bioavailable, greatly enhancing PM2.5 cause stress systemic human body. general, there a need further recognize pollution mass complex source-driven mixture, order effectively quantify regulate particle exposure risks.

Language: Английский

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Overview of the French Operational Network for In Situ Observation of PM Chemical Composition and Sources in Urban Environments (CARA Program)

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 207 - 207

Published: Feb. 3, 2021

The CARA program has been running since 2008 by the French reference laboratory for air quality monitoring (LCSQA) and regional networks, to gain better knowledge—at a national level—on particulate matter (PM) chemistry its diverse origins in urban environments. It results strong collaborations with international-level academic partners state-of-the-art, straightforward, robust methodologies within operational stakeholders (and subsequently, decision makers). Here, we illustrate some of main outputs obtained over last decade, thanks this program, regarding methodological aspects (both terms measurement techniques data treatment procedures) as well acquired knowledge on predominant PM sources. Offline online methods are used following well-suited assurance control procedures, notably including inter-laboratory comparison exercises. Source apportionment studies conducted using various receptor modeling approaches. Overall, presented herewith underline major influences residential wood burning (during cold period) road transport emissions (exhaust non-exhaust ones, all throughout year), substantial contributions mineral dust primary biogenic particles (mostly during warm period). Long-range phenomena, e.g., advection secondary inorganic aerosols from European continental sector Saharan into West Indies, also discussed paper. Finally, briefly address use stable isotope measurements (δ15N) organic molecular markers understanding ammonium different aerosol fractions, respectively.

Language: Английский

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