Evaluation of plasmid pBI143 for its optimal concentration methods, seasonal impact, and potential as a normalization parameter in wastewater-based epidemiology

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 965, P. 178661 - 178661

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Human norovirus (HuNoV) GII RNA in wastewater solids at 145 United States wastewater treatment plants: comparison to positivity rates of clinical specimens and modeled estimates of HuNoV GII shedders

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(3), P. 440 - 447

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a leading cause of disease globally, yet actual incidence unknown. HuNoV infections are not reportable in the United States, and surveillance limited to tracking severe illnesses or outbreaks. Wastewater monitoring for has been done previously results indicate it present wastewater influent concentrations associated with communities contributing wastewater. However, work mostly monthly samples liquid at one few treatment plants (WWTPs).

Language: Английский

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Long-term monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants in wastewater using a coordinated workflow of droplet digital PCR and nanopore sequencing

Water Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 254, P. 121338 - 121338

Published: Feb. 18, 2024

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genome sequencing are important methods for wastewater surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The reverse transcription-droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) is a highly sensitive method quantifying SARS-CoV-2 RNA in samples to track the trends viral activity levels but cannot identify new variants. It also takes time develop PCR-based assays targeting variants interest. Whole (WGS) can be used monitor known variants, it generally not quantitative. Several short-read techniques expensive might experience delayed turnaround times when outsourced due inadequate in-house resources. Recently, portable nanopore system offers an affordable real-time wastewater. This technology has potential enable swift response disease outbreaks without relying on clinical results. In addressing concerns related rapid accurate variant analysis, both RT-ddPCR were employed emergence was conducted at 23 sewer maintenance hole sites five treatment plants Michigan from 2020 2022. 2020, dominated by parental (20A, 20C 20G), followed 20I (Alpha, B.1.1.7) early 2021 Delta concern (VOC) late 2021. For year 2022, Omicron dominated. Nanopore validate suspected cases that initially undetermined assays. concordance rate between identifying clade-level 76.9%. Notably, instances disagreement two most prominent identification We showed with N gene concentrations >104 GC/100ml as measured improve recovery coverage depth using MinION device. better detecting key spike protein mutations A67V, del69-70, K417N, L452R, N501Y, N679K, R408S (p-value <0.05) compared sequencing. suggested should coordinated where preliminary quantification confirmatory detection or reported here adopted reliable analysis community level public health response.

Language: Английский

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United States Influenza 2022–2023 Season Characteristics as Inferred from Wastewater Solids, Influenza Hospitalization, and Syndromic Data

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(49), P. 20542 - 20550

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

Influenza A virus (IAV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in the United States has pandemic potential. Identifying IAV epidemic patterns is essential to inform timing of vaccinations nonpharmaceutical interventions. In a prospective, longitudinal study design, we measured RNA wastewater settled solids at 163 treatment plants across 33 states characterize 2022-2023 influenza season state, health human services (HHS) regional, national scales. onset, offset, duration, peak, intensity using were compared with those determined laboratory-confirmed hospitalization rates outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI). The onset HHS regions as by roughly corresponded ILI when annual geometric mean concentration was used baseline (i.e., threshold that triggers onset), although offsets between two differed. provided early warning estimate, set twice limit detection wastewater. Peak generally preceded peak rate 2 weeks or less. an IAV-specific indicator can be augment clinical surveillance seasonal intensity.

Language: Английский

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Decay of enveloped SARS-CoV-2 and non-enveloped PMMoV RNA in raw sewage from university dormitories

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 28, 2023

Introduction Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA has been frequently detected in sewage from many university dormitories to inform public health decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic, a clear understanding of SARS-CoV-2 persistence site-specific raw is still lacking. To investigate persistence, field trial was conducted University Tennessee sewage, similar municipal wastewater. Methods The decay enveloped and non-enveloped Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) investigated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) at 4°C 20°C. Results Temperature, followed concentration level RNA, most significant factors that influenced first-order rate constants ( k ) RNA. mean values were 0.094 day −1 0.261 At high-, medium-, low-concentration levels 0.367, 0.169, 0.091 , respectively. Furthermore, there statistical difference between PMMoV different temperature conditions. Discussion first rates for both temperatures statistically comparable which showed sensitivity elevated but not This study provides evidence viral conditions levels.

Language: Английский

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Divergence of wastewater SARS-CoV-2 and reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 incident case data coincident with wide-spread availability of at-home COVID-19 antigen tests

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. e15631 - e15631

Published: June 27, 2023

Concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater settled solids from publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) historically correlated strongly with laboratory confirmed incident COVID-19 case data. With the increased availability at-home antigen tests since late 2021 and early 2022, test seeking behavior has decreased. In United States, results are not typically reportable to public health agencies thus counted reports. As a result, number reported laboratory-confirmed cases decreased dramatically, even during times positivity rates concentrations RNA. Herein, we tested whether correlative relationship between incidence rate changed 1 May point time immediately before onset BA.2/BA.5 surge, first surge begin after was high region. We used daily data three POTWs Greater San Francisco Bay Area California, USA for analysis. found that although there is significant positive association measurements collected parameters describing different than those prior 2022. If or continues change, will continue change. Our suggest, assuming shedding remains relatively stable among infected virus as variants emerge, can be estimate they would have been when testing were at (here, 2022) using historical

Language: Английский

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Persistence of human respiratory viral RNA in wastewater-settled solids

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 90(4)

Published: March 19, 2024

Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a valuable tool for monitoring respiratory viral diseases within communities by analyzing concentrations of nucleic-acids in wastewater. However, little is known about the fate virus Two important processes that may modulate their wastewater they move from household drains to point collection include sorption or partitioning solids and degradation. This study investigated decay kinetics genomic seven human viruses, including severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), syncytial (RSV), (HCoV)-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, rhinovirus (HRV), influenza A (IAV), well pepper mild mottle (PMMoV) solids. Viruses (except PMMoV) were spiked into followed 50 days at three different temperatures (4°C, 22°C, 37°C). Viral RNA decayed following first-order with rate constants

Language: Английский

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Norovirus GII wastewater monitoring for epidemiological surveillance

PLOS Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. e0000198 - e0000198

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention coordinates several outbreak clinical surveillance systems norovirus, norovirus is strongly under-reported due to individuals not seeking care or being tested. As a result, using case reports syndromic detection often lags rather than leads outbreaks. Digital epidemiology sources such as search term data may be more immediate, but can affected by behavior media patterns. Wastewater monitoring potentially provide comprehensive consistent stream that help triangulate across these different sets. To assess timeliness of wastewater testing compared with syndromic, trend we quantified human GII in composite influent samples from 5 treatment plants (WWTPs) reverse transcription-digital droplet PCR correlated levels outbreak, data. (HuNoV) RNA were comparable all WWTPs after fecal content normalization Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). HuNoV values typically led The best correlations between observed when sewershed population had high overlap included other methods. increased specificity earlier data, ability make this available healthcare, public health, timely manner, suggests measurements will enhance existing health efforts norovirus.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Temperature and Water Types on the Decay of Coronavirus: A Review

Water, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1051 - 1051

Published: March 9, 2023

The analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) gene copy numbers in wastewater samples can provide quantitative information on Disease-19 (COVID-19) cases within a sewer catchment. However, many wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) studies have neglected virus decay during the transportation process sewers while back-calculating COVID-19 prevalence. Among various condition parameters, temperature and dilution by fresh/saltwater infiltration may result significant change to decay, terms both infectivity Ribonucleic Acid (RNA). This paper reviewed literature identify discuss effects water types (i.e., wastewater, freshwater, seawater) coronavirus based rate constants that were collected from published papers. To evaluate importance sensitivity was then conducted with rates SARS-CoV-2 RNA WBE back-calculation equation. Finally, also compared those other viruses further understand difference among species. found be less impacted variation than viable coronaviruses. Nevertheless, still sensitive increased warm over 26 °C), which could lead two-times higher relative variance estimated prevalence, considering between 4 37 °C catchment 12-h hydraulic retention time. Comparatively, estimation enveloped greater nonenveloped enteric viruses, easily degradable wastewater. In addition, stormwater inflow accompanied cold weather might alleviate infectivity, thus increasing potential risk transmission through Overall, this aims better impact in-sewer processes its implications for WBE. outcome quantitatively inform improve awareness infection via heavy rainfall events. Given identified scarcity data available salt or chemical additions, future research fate subjected dosing treatment plant operations is recommended.

Language: Английский

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Urine biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: A new opportunity for wastewater-based epidemiology?

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 184, P. 108462 - 108462

Published: Jan. 28, 2024

While Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, management, and care have become priorities for healthcare providers researcher's worldwide due to rapid population aging, epidemiologic surveillance efforts are currently limited by costly, invasive diagnostic procedures, particularly in low middle income countries (LMIC). In recent years, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a promising tool public health assessment through detection quantification of specific biomarkers wastewater, but applications non-infectious diseases such AD remain limited. This early review seeks summarize AD-related urine other peripheral biofluids discuss their potential integration WBE platforms guide the first prospective field. Promising results been reported clinical settings, indicating amyloid β, tau, neural thread protein, long non-coding RNAs, oxidative stress markers dysregulated metabolites questions regarding concentration stability wastewater correlation between levels sewage circulation must be addressed future studies before comprehensive systems can developed.

Language: Английский

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