MicroRNA: trends in clinical trials of cancer diagnosis and therapy strategies

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55(7), P. 1314 - 1321

Published: July 10, 2023

Abstract As a type of short noncoding RNAs, microRNA (miRNA) undoubtedly plays crucial role in cancer development. Since the discovery identity and clinical functions miRNAs, over past few decades, roles miRNAs have been actively investigated. Numerous pieces evidence indicate that are pivotal factors most types cancer. Recent research focused on has identified characterized large cohort commonly dysregulated or exclusively specific These studies suggested potential as biomarkers diagnosis prognostication Moreover, many these oncogenic tumor-suppressive functions. MiRNAs focus given their applications therapeutic targets. Currently, various oncology trials using screening, diagnosis, drug testing underway. Although studying diseases reviewed before, there fewer related to Furthermore, updated results recent preclinical miRNA drugs needed. Therefore, this review aims provide up-to-date information trials.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications in cancer: from the impacts and mechanisms to the treatment potential

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55(7), P. 1357 - 1370

Published: July 3, 2023

Abstract Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications are hallmarks of cancer cells. In cells, metabolic pathway activity varies during tumorigenesis progression, indicating regulated plasticity. changes often closely related to changes, such as alterations in the expression or epigenetically modified enzymes, which may exert a direct an indirect influence on cellular metabolism. Therefore, exploring mechanisms underlying regulating tumor cell metabolism is important for further understanding pathogenesis. Here, we mainly focus latest studies regulations, including glucose, lipid amino acid context, then emphasize modifications. Specifically, discuss role played by DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNAs histone lactylation growth progression. Finally, summarize prospects potential therapeutic strategies based

Language: Английский

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Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is new multidisciplinary field that garnering lot of interest and investigation. shows great potential for cancer diagnosis treatment. Specifically engineered nanoparticles can be employed as contrast agents in diagnostics enable high sensitivity high-resolution tumor detection by imaging examinations. Novel approaches labeling are also made possible the use nanoprobes nanobiosensors. The achievement targeted medication delivery therapy accomplished through rational design manufacture nanodrug carriers. Nanoparticles have capability effectively transport medications or gene fragments tissues via passive active targeting processes, thus enhancing treatment outcomes while minimizing harm healthy tissues. Simultaneously, context radiation sensitization photothermal enhance therapeutic efficacy malignant tumors. This review presents literature overview summary how nanotechnology used According oncological diseases originating from different systems body combining pathophysiological features cancers at sites, we most recent developments applications. Finally, briefly discuss prospects challenges cancer.

Language: Английский

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Drug Resistance and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 632 - 632

Published: Feb. 11, 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. It usually diagnosed in an advanced stage characterized by a high intrinsic drug resistance, leading to limited chemotherapeutic efficacy relapse after treatment. There therefore vast need for understanding underlying mechanisms that contribute resistance developing therapeutic strategies would overcome this. The rapid proliferation tumor cells, combination with highly inflammatory microenvironment, causes chronic increase protein synthesis different hepatic cell populations. This leads intensified demand folding, which inevitably accumulation misfolded or unfolded proteins lumen endoplasmic reticulum (ER). process called ER stress triggers response (UPR) order restore or—in case severe prolonged stress—to induce death. Interestingly, three arms signaling pathways have been shown drive chemoresistance several tumors could form promising target. review provides overview how activation UPR contributes HCC.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mechanism of Tocotrienol-Mediated Anticancer Properties: A Systematic Review of the Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 1854 - 1854

Published: April 12, 2023

Background: Tocotrienol, a type of vitamin E, is well known for its anti-cancer and other biological activities. This systematic review aims to summarize the involvement endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) as underlying molecular mechanisms anticancer properties tocotrienol. Method: A comprehensive literature search was performed in March 2023 using PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, EMBASE databases. In vitro, vivo, human studies were considered. Result: total 840 articles retrieved during initial search, 11 that fit selection criteria included qualitative analysis. The current mechanistic findings are based solely on vitro studies. Tocotrienol induces cancer cell growth arrest, autophagy, death primarily through apoptosis but also paraptosis-like death. Tocotrienol-rich fractions, including α-, γ- δ-tocotrienols, induce ERS, evidenced by upregulation UPR markers and/or ERS-related markers. Early calcium ion release, increased ceramide level, proteasomal inhibition, microRNA-190b suggested be essential modulating tocotrienol-mediated ERS/UPR transduction. Nevertheless, upstream mechanism tocotrienol-induced ERS largely unknown. Conclusion: effects. Further investigation needed elucidate ERS.

Language: Английский

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Decoding contextual crosstalk: revealing distinct interactions between non-coding RNAs and unfolded protein response in breast cancer

Cancer Cell International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: March 11, 2024

Abstract Breast cancer is significantly influenced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, impacting both its initiation and progression. When cells experience an accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins, they activate the protein response (UPR) to restore cellular balance. In breast cancer, UPR frequently triggered due challenging conditions within tumors. The has a dual impact on cancer. On one hand, it can contribute tumor growth enhancing cell survival resistance programmed death in unfavorable environments. other prolonged severe ER stress trigger mechanisms, limiting Furthermore, been linked regulation non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) cells. These ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) long (lncRNAs), play essential roles development influencing gene expression processes. An improved understanding how ncRNAs interact potentially lead new treatment approaches. Modifying specific involved might interfere with induce death. Additionally, focusing UPR-associated proteins that could offer novel therapeutic possibilities. Therefore, this review provides concise overview interconnection between elucidating nuanced effects fate emphasizing regulatory

Language: Английский

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The lipid side of unfolded protein response

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1869(7), P. 159515 - 159515

Published: June 5, 2024

Although our current knowledge of the molecular crosstalk between ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR), and lipid homeostasis remains limited, there is increasing evidence that dysregulation either or profoundly affects other. Most research regarding UPR signaling in human diseases has focused on causes consequences disrupted folding. The itself consists very complex pathways function to not only maintain homeostasis, but just as importantly, modulate biogenesis allow adjust promote cell survival. Lipid known activate many aspects UPR, complexity this a major barrier. disequilibrium lipotoxicity are be important contributors numerous pathologies, including insulin resistance, liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative cancer. Despite their medical significance continuous research, however, mechanisms synthesis during stress conditions, impact fate decisions, remain poorly understood. Here we summarize view connections altered metabolism, UPR.

Language: Английский

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The Unfolded Protein Response: A Double-Edged Sword for Brain Health

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1648 - 1648

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Efficient brain function requires as much 20% of the total oxygen intake to support normal neuronal cell function. This level usage, however, leads generation free radicals, and thus can lead oxidative stress potentially age-related cognitive decay even neurodegenerative diseases. The regulation this system a complex monitoring network maintain proper homeostasis. Furthermore, high content mitochondria in has elevated glucose demands, redox balance. Maintaining is mediated by adaptive response pathways that permit cells survive minimize cellular damage. These rely on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activation unfolded protein (UPR), pathway responsible for ER survival. Interestingly, UPR two opposing signaling pathways, one promotes survival induces apoptosis. In narrative review, we discuss roles how better understanding these could allow development effective strategies prevent well treat

Language: Английский

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The role of miR-155 in urologic malignancies

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 174, P. 116412 - 116412

Published: March 22, 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs that play crucial role in regulating gene expression across multiple levels. They involved wide range physiological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell cycle control. In recent years, miRNAs have emerged as pivotal regulatory molecules the development progression tumors. Among these, miR-155 has garnered significant attention due to its high various diseases, particularly urologic malignancies. Since an extensive corpus studies having focused on roles malignancies, it is essential summarize current evidence this topic through comprehensive review. Altered related pathological immune response, inflammation, tumor treatment resistance. Notably, alterations been observed malignancies well. The up-regulation commonly contributing their by targeting specific proteins signaling pathways. This article provides review played Furthermore, potential biomarker therapeutic target also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress in diverse pathophysiological contexts: A comprehensive mechanistic review

Journal of Cellular Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 239(11)

Published: July 22, 2024

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for protein quality control, and disruptions in its function can lead to various diseases. ER stress triggers an adaptive response called the unfolded (UPR), which either restore cellular homeostasis or induce cell death. Melatonin, a safe multifunctional compound, shows promise controlling could be valuable therapeutic agent managing UPR. By regulating mitochondrial functions, melatonin helps maintain via reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis. Melatonin directly indirectly interfere with ER-associated sensors downstream targets UPR, impacting death, autophagy, molecular repair, among others. Crucially, this review explores mechanistic role on diseases including liver damage, neurodegeneration, reproductive disorders, pulmonary disease, cardiomyopathy, insulin resistance, renal dysfunction, cancer. Interestingly, while it alleviates burden most pathological contexts, paradoxically stimulate cancer cells, highlighting intricate involvement homeostasis. With numerous successful studies using vivo vitro models, continuation clinical trials imperative fully explore melatonin's potential these conditions.

Language: Английский

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