Decoding Inflammation: The Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Critical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients

Medicina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(4), P. 634 - 634

Published: March 30, 2025

Background and Objectives: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) are novel biomarkers that provide insight into systemic inflammation how the immune system responds to stress or infection. These ratios have been associated with predicting clinical outcomes in various diseases, including COVID-19. This study aims evaluate prognostic value of NLR PLR anticipating ICU admission, acute respiratory failure, disease severity COVID-19 patients. Materials Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational included 536 patients diagnosed analyzed values at admission correlated them onset outcomes. Results: Statistical correlations were identified between elevated development complications during hospitalization (p = 0.04 p 0.00), hypoxemic failure intensive care unit (ICU) 0.04). No found these mortality 0.46 0.32) nor hepatic cytolysis 0.79 0.87). Conclusions: reliable, easily obtainable can aid early prediction patients, offering valuable insights for risk stratification management. Further prospective studies needed validate as part broader predictive model critical

Language: Английский

---

Immune complexes as culprits of immunopathology in severe COVID-19

Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 212(2), P. 185 - 191

Published: July 23, 2022

Infection with the pandemic human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 elicits a respiratory tract disease, termed Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While variable degree of disease-associated symptoms may emerge, severe COVID-19 is commonly associated complications such as acute distress syndrome (ARDS), necessity for mechanical ventilation or even extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Amongst others, outcome depends on age and pre-existing conditions like cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders but also biological sex. Intriguingly, increasing experimental clinical evidence suggests that an exacerbated inflammatory response in particular IgG immune complexes (ICs), significantly contribute to prolonged progression. Vast amounts deposited, unresolved ICs tissue are capable initiate exaggerated Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) mediated signalling cascade which eventually results common IC-associated organ diseases vasculitis, glomerulonephritis arthritis, comorbidities have been frequently reported COVID-19. Moreover independent deposited ICs, very recent work identified soluble (sIC) be present circulation majority severely ill patients, where their systemic abundance correlated severity. Thus, detection circulating sICs patients represents potential marker critical Their early after deterioration might become indicator requirement prompt anti-inflammatory treatment. Here, we review role progression, possible origins intervention strategies.

Language: Английский

---

Major severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine-associated adverse effects; benefits outweigh the risks

Expert Review of Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(10), P. 1377 - 1394

Published: Aug. 20, 2022

Introduction Since its emergence, there have been huge efforts to design vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inhibit interpersonal spread. Global vaccine development is the most promising cost-effective method for overcoming epidemic. However, following reports of post-vaccination thromboembolic adverse effects, raising concerns about safety profile COVID-19 vaccine.Areas covered We aimed review recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved identify organ-based major complications based on reliable published studies. To find high-quality large-scale observational, clinical trial, cohort studies, PubMED, Scholar, Embase, Web Science were searched using keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, Pfizer (BNT162b2), Johnson (Ad26.COV2), Moderna (mRNA-1273), Oxford AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1nCoV19), Coronavac (Sinovac), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), effect, complication. include all relevant articles, backward searching was also done similar article citations. Case reports, studies including less than 10 participants, biased articles excluded.Expert opinion Based data from population-based effects are divided into four organ-specific groups, cardiovascular, neurologic, hematologic, immune-allergic side effects. The incidence these not different between vaccinated normal populations, currently, benefits vaccination greater mortality morbidity risks infection. further specifically systematic meta-analysis, still indicated investigate unknown existence causality reported events.

Language: Английский

---

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): Focus on peripheral blood cell morphology

British Journal of Haematology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 200(4), P. 404 - 419

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

Summary Numerous studies have shown peculiar morphological anomalies in COVID‐19 patients' smears. We searched all the peer‐reviewed scientific publications that explicitly reference cytomorphological alterations on peripheral blood smears of patients with COVID‐19. extracted data from sixty‐five (case reports, patient group studies, reviews, and erythrocyte morphology studies). The results show frequent concern lymphocytes (large weakly basophilic cytoplasm, plasmacytoid lymphocytes, large granular lymphocytes). Neutrophils display abnormal nuclei cytoplasm a distinctive picture. Besides left shift maturation, granulations can be increased (toxic type) or decreased areas basophilia. Nuclei are often hyposegmented (pseudo‐Pelger‐Huёt anomaly). Apoptotic pycnotic cells not uncommon. Monocytes typically loaded heterogeneous coalescing vacuoles. Platelets giant shapes. presence fragments schistocytes is especially evident forms associated thrombotic microangiopathies. Such atypia reflects generalized activation severe COVID‐19, which has been demonstrated immunophenotypic, molecular, genetic, functional methods. Neutrophils, particular, involved pathophysiology hyperinflammation cytokine storm, characterizes most unfavorable evolution.

Language: Английский

---

Platelets and platelet-derived vesicles as an innovative cellular and subcellular platform for managing multiple sclerosis

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(5), P. 4675 - 4686

Published: April 6, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Practical approach to thrombocytopenia in patients with sepsis: a narrative review

Thrombosis Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: July 22, 2024

Abstract Thrombocytopenia frequently occurs in patients with sepsis. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) may be a possible cause of thrombocytopenia owing to its high prevalence and association poor outcomes; however, it is important keep the presence other diseases mind sepsis practice. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), which characterized by thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), complement-mediated HUS, thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic anemia, organ damage. TMA has become widely recognized recent years because development specific treatments. Previous studies have reported remarkably lower than DIC; epidemiology not well defined, there cases correctly diagnosed, resulting outcomes. Therefore, differentiate DIC from TMA. Nevertheless, differentiating between remains challenge as indicated previous reports that most can diagnosed using universal scoring system. Several algorithms sepsis-related been suggested, contributing improving care septic thrombocytopenia; difficult apply these coexisting TMA, recently reported. This review describes disease characteristics, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, DIC, proposes novel practical approach flow, initiation diagnosis parallel DIC. flow also refers longitudinal treatment real clinical timeframes. In conclusion, we aim disseminate results this emphasize importance incorporating consideration management We anticipate new for diagnostic will lead appropriate complex cases, improve patient outcomes, generate epidemiological evidence regarding

Language: Английский

---

Platelets’ morphology, metabolic profile, exocytosis, and heterotypic aggregation with leukocytes in relation to severity and mortality of COVID-19-patients

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 21, 2022

Roles of platelets during infections surpass the classical thrombus function and are now known to modulate innate immune cells. Leukocyte-platelet aggregations activation-induced secretome among factors recently gaining interest but little is about their interplay with severity mortality course SARS-Cov-2 infection. The aim present work follow platelets' bioenergetics, redox balance, calcium homeostasis as regulators leukocyte-platelet interactions in a cohort COVID-19 patients variable clinical outcomes. We investigated infection-related changes platelet counts, activation, morphology (by flow cytometry electron microscopy), bioenergetics Seahorse analyzer), mitochondria high resolution respirometry), intracellular cytometry), reactive oxygen species (ROS, by aggregates cytometry) non-intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalized (Non-ICU, n=15), ICU-survivors severe (ICU-S, n=35), non-survivors (ICU-NS, n=60) relative control subjects (n=31). Additionally, molecular studies were carried out gene protein expressions mitochondrial transport chain complexes (ETC) representative samples isolated from studied groups. Our results revealed that infection leads global metabolic depression especially despite lack significant impacts on levels ETC genes proteins. also report patients' exhibit hyperpolarized significantly lowered calcium, concomitantly increased neutrophil. These associated populations giant morphological transformations usually correlated activation inflammatory signatures, impaired exocytosis. data suggest hyperactive exocytosis may be integral parts pathophysiology dictating patients.

Language: Английский

---

SARS-CoV-2 infection predicts larger infarct volume in patients with acute ischemic stroke

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Background and purpose Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a fearful complication of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Aims this study were to compare clinical/radiological characteristics, endothelial coagulation dysfunction between acute patients with without COVID-19 investigate if how the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) was implicated in triggering platelet activation. Methods We enrolled AIS within 12 h from onset compared them an age- sex-matched cohort controls COVID-19. Neuroimaging studies performed 24 h. Blood samples collected subset 10 patients. Results Of 39 patients, 22 had 17 did not. Admission levels Factor VIII von Willebrand factor antigen significantly higher positively correlated infarct volume. In multivariate linear regression analyses, independent predictor volume (B 20.318, Beta 0.576, 95%CI 6.077–34.559; p = 0.011). SP found serum 2 examined Platelets healthy donors showed similar degree procoagulant activation induced by non-COVID-19 patients' sera. The anti-SP anti-FcγRIIA blocking antibodies no effect modulating activity both groups. Conclusions infection seems play major role endothelium extension during AIS.

Language: Английский

---

Pathophysiology of Vaccine-Induced Prothrombotic Immune Thrombocytopenia (VIPIT) and Vaccine-Induced Thrombocytopenic Thrombosis (VITT) and Their Diagnostic Approach in Emergency

Medicina, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 57(10), P. 997 - 997

Published: Sept. 22, 2021

SARS-CoV-2 induced a pandemic that is reported to have started in Asia and was then extended other countries the world. Main clinical aspects of this viral infection been lung injuries with severe pneumonia requiring prolonged hospitalization associated morbidities such as venous thromboembolism and/or superinfection by bacteria, fungus or pests. Immediately there need develop sustainable therapeutic strategy, vaccination. Vaccines against Covid-19, fact, exert protective action for common people reduce diffusion. Yet, vaccination large number raises question well-known complication several types vaccines; immune thrombocytopenia, which sometimes thrombosis well. In short review, we summarized mechanisms involved pathogenesis vaccine-induced prothrombotic thrombocytopenia thrombocytopenic thrombosis.

Language: Английский

---

Impact of prior use of antiplatelets on COVID-19 susceptibility, progression, and severity: a population-based study

Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 77(7), P. 539 - 546

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Hypercoagulability and thromboembolism are processes that arise from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection responsible for a high degree of disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related morbidity mortality. This study sought to assess the effect antiplatelet drugs on COVID-19 severity (risk hospitalization mortality), susceptibility infection, progression COVID-19.

Language: Английский

---