The Discovery of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Emergence as a Next-Generation Therapy

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 135(1), P. 198 - 221

Published: June 20, 2024

From their humble discovery as cellular debris to cementing natural capacity transfer functional molecules between cells, the long-winded journey of extracellular vesicles (EVs) now stands at precipice a next-generation cell-free therapeutic tool revolutionize modern-day medicine. This perspective provides snapshot EVs emergence vibrant field biology and renaissance they usher in biomedical sciences agents for cardiovascular pathologies. Rapid development bioengineered is providing innovative opportunities overcome biological challenges such potency, cargo loading enhanced secretion, targeting circulation half-life, localized sustained delivery strategies, approaches enhance systemic circulation, uptake lysosomal escape, logistical hurdles encompassing scalability, cost, time. A multidisciplinary collaboration beyond extends chemistry, physics, biomaterials, nanotechnology, allowing rapid designer that are entering late-stage human clinical trials.

Language: Английский

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Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived extracellular vesicles: regulators and therapeutic targets in the tumor microenvironment

Cancer Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). CAFs can be reprogrammed by cancer cells, leading to production extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EVs serve as carriers for bioactive substances, including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolic products, thereby facilitating progression. CAF-derived exert substantial influence on cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immunological environment, processes lymphangiogenesis angiogenesis. Despite their potential non-invasive biomarkers therapeutic delivery vehicles, clinical application is currently limited challenges in purification precise targeting. This review delineates diverse roles growth, immune evasion within TME.

Language: Английский

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Circular RNAs in tumor immunity and immunotherapy

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are unique noncoding that have a closed and stable loop structure generated through backsplicing. Due to their conservation, stability tissue specificity, circRNAs can potentially be used as diagnostic indicators therapeutic targets for certain tumors. Many studies shown act microRNA (miRNA) sponges, engage in interactions with proteins translation templates regulate gene expression signal transduction, thereby participating the occurrence development of variety malignant Immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment cancer. Early researches indicated involved regulating tumor immune microenvironment antitumor immunity. CircRNAs may potential important increasing sensitivity immunotherapy expanding population patients who benefit from cancer immunotherapy. However, few investigated correlation between In this review, we summarize current on regulation different mechanisms value efficacy goal providing new

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles: from intracellular trafficking molecules to fully fortified delivery vehicles for cancer therapeutics

Nanoscale Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging tools in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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Static Topographical Cue Combined with Dynamic Fluid Stimulation Enhances the Macrophage Extracellular Vesicle Yield and Therapeutic Potential for Bone Defects

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold promise for tissue regeneration, but their low yield and limited therapeutic efficacy hinder clinical translation. Bioreactors provide a larger culture surface area stable environment large-scale EV production, yet ability to enhance is limited. Physical stimulation, by inducing cell differentiation modulating cargo composition, offers more efficient, cost-effective, reproducible approach compared the loading of EVs biochemical priming parental cells. Herein, effects 3D-printed perfusion bioreactor with topographical cue on macrophage bioactivity were assessed. The results indicate that increased 12.5-fold enhanced in promoting osteogenic angiogenesis via upregulated miR-210-3p. Mechanistically, fluid shear stress activates Piezo1, triggering Ca2+ influx Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear translocation, secretion enhancing M2 polarization conjunction morphological changes guided aligned topography. Moreover, porous electrospun membrane-hydrogel composite scaffold loaded bioreactor-derived exhibited outstanding rat cranial defect model. This study presents scalable, platform production EVs, potentially overcoming key challenges translating EV-based therapies clinic.

Language: Английский

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Advancements in Antibacterial Therapy: Feature Papers

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 557 - 557

Published: March 1, 2025

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health crisis that threatens the efficacy of antibiotics and modern medical interventions. The emergence multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, exacerbated by misuse in healthcare agriculture, underscores urgent need for innovative solutions. (1) Background: AMR arises from complex interactions between human, animal, environmental health, further aggravated overuse inadequate regulation antibiotics. Conventional treatments are increasingly ineffective, necessitating alternative strategies. Emerging approaches, including bacteriophage therapy, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), nanotechnology, microbial extracellular vesicles (EVs), CRISPR-based antimicrobials, provide novel mechanisms complement traditional combating resistant pathogens. (2) Methods: This review critically analyzes advanced antibacterial strategies conjunction with systemic reforms such as stewardship programs, One Health framework, surveillance tools. These methods can enhance detection, guide interventions, promote sustainable practices. Additionally, economic, logistical, regulatory challenges impeding their implementation evaluated. (3) Results: technologies, CRISPR exhibit promising potential targeting mechanisms. However, disparities resource distribution barriers hinder widespread adoption. Public–private partnerships agriculture practices critical to overcoming these obstacles. (4) Conclusions: A holistic integrated approach essential mitigating impact AMR. By aligning therapeutic policies, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, ensuring equitable distribution, we develop response this 21st-century challenge.

Language: Английский

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The roles and therapeutic potential of exosomal non-coding RNAs in microglia-mediated intercellular communication

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 148, P. 114049 - 114049

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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Circular RNAs in cancer

MedComm, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract Circular RNA (circRNA), a subtype of noncoding RNA, has emerged as significant focus in research due to its distinctive covalently closed loop structure. CircRNAs play pivotal roles diverse physiological and pathological processes, functioning through mechanisms such miRNAs or proteins sponging, regulation splicing gene expression, serving translation templates, particularly the context various cancers. The hallmarks cancer comprise functional capabilities acquired during carcinogenesis tumor progression, providing conceptual framework that elucidates nature malignant transformation. Although numerous studies have elucidated role circRNAs cancers, their functions development chemoradiotherapy resistance remain unexplored clinical applications circRNA‐based translational therapeutics are still infancy. This review provides comprehensive overview circRNAs, covering biogenesis, unique characteristics, functions, turnover mechanisms. We also summarize involvement relevance biomarkers therapeutic targets, especially thyroid (TC). Considering potential fascination therapeutics, “Ying‐Yang” dynamic regulations TC warrant vastly dedicated investigations.

Language: Английский

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Engineered extracellular vesicles: an emerging nanomedicine therapeutic platform

Chemical Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Extracellular vesicles have been deemed as potential drug carriers for treatment of various diseases. Recent advances summarized, including the sources, delivery function, extraction and cargo-loading technology extracellular vesicles.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances and perspectives on the development of circular RNA cancer vaccines

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 1, 2025

Engineered circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as promising platforms for RNA-based vaccines in cancer treatment. We summarize the recent advances of design, synthesis, and delivery circRNA-based vaccines, highlight applications challenges circRNA therapy. Further enhancements required areas such antigen selection, targeted delivery, multidimensional crosstalks, clinical trial assessments to advance efficacy safety cancer.

Language: Английский

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