International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(5), P. 2545 - 2545
Published: March 3, 2021
Cells
emerged
at
the
very
beginning
of
life
on
Earth
and,
in
fact,
are
coterminous
with
life.
They
enclosed
within
an
excitable
plasma
membrane,
which
defines
outside
and
inside
domains
via
their
specific
biophysical
properties.
Unicellular
organisms,
such
as
diverse
protists
algae,
still
live
a
cellular
However,
fungi,
plants,
animals
evolved
multicellular
existence.
Recently,
we
have
developed
basis
consciousness
(CBC)
model,
proposes
that
all
biological
awareness,
sentience
grounded
general
cell
biology.
Here
discuss
biomolecular
structures
processes
allow
for
maintain
this
from
evolutionary
perspective.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
10(6), P. 890 - 890
Published: June 1, 2021
The
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)-producing
enzyme
NADPH
oxidase
(NOX)
was
first
identified
in
the
membrane
of
phagocytic
cells.
For
many
years,
its
only
known
role
immune
defense,
where
ROS
production
leads
to
destruction
pathogens
by
NOX
from
phagocytes
catalyzes,
via
one-electron
trans-membrane
transfer
molecular
oxygen,
superoxide
anion.
Over
six
human
homologs
catalytic
subunit
phagocyte
were
found:
NOX1,
NOX3,
NOX4,
NOX5,
DUOX1,
and
DUOX2.
Together
with
NOX2/gp91phox
component
present
assembly
itself,
are
now
referred
as
family
oxidases.
complex
multidomain
proteins
varying
requirements
for
combinations
other
activity.
recent
structural
insights
acquired
on
both
prokaryotic
eukaryotic
open
new
perspectives
understanding
mechanisms
inherent
regulation
(superoxide
or
hydrogen
peroxide).
This
information
will
certainly
inform
investigations
disease.
As
specialized
producers,
enzymes
participate
numerous
crucial
physiological
processes,
including
host
post-translational
processing
proteins,
cellular
signaling,
gene
expression,
cell
differentiation.
These
diversities
context
be
discussed
this
review.
We
also
discuss
misregulation,
which
can
contribute
a
wide
range
severe
pathologies,
such
atherosclerosis,
hypertension,
diabetic
nephropathy,
lung
fibrosis,
cancer,
neurodegenerative
diseases,
giving
strong
therapeutic
interest.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(9), P. 852 - 852
Published: Sept. 10, 2020
Oxidative
stress
is
defined
as
“an
imbalance
between
oxidants
and
antioxidants
in
favor
of
the
oxidants,
leading
to
a
disruption
redox
signaling
control
and/or
molecular
damage”.
This
Commentary
presents
basic
features
this
global
concept
which
has
attracted
interest
biology
medicine.
The
term
“antioxidants”
cellular
defense
against
predominantly
includes
antioxidant
enzymes
with
their
substrates
coenzymes.
Exogenous
low-molecular-mass
compounds
also
have
role,
but
more
limited.
Multiple
biomarkers
damage
due
oxidative
been
identified
for
different
classes
(protein,
lipid,
carbohydrate,
DNA),
current
state
practical
aspects
health
disease
delineated.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
59(33), P. 13734 - 13762
Published: Oct. 12, 2019
Emerging
from
the
origins
of
supramolecular
chemistry
and
development
selective
chemical
receptors
that
rely
on
lock-and-key
binding,
activity-based
sensing
(ABS)-which
utilizes
molecular
reactivity
rather
than
recognition
for
analyte
detection-has
rapidly
grown
into
a
distinct
field
to
investigate
production
regulation
species
mediate
biological
signaling
stress
pathways,
particularly
metal
ions
small
molecules.
Chemical
reactions
exploit
diverse
enable
sensitive
synthetic
methods
decipher
their
contributions
within
complex
living
environments.
The
broad
utility
this
reaction-driven
approach
facilitates
application
imaging
platforms
ranging
fluorescence,
luminescence,
photoacoustic,
magnetic
resonance,
positron
emission
tomography
modalities.
ABS
are
also
being
expanded
other
fields,
such
as
drug
materials
discovery.
Redox Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
41, P. 101867 - 101867
Published: Jan. 20, 2021
In
the
open
metabolic
system,
redox-related
signaling
requires
continuous
monitoring
and
fine-tuning
of
steady-state
redox
set
point.
The
ongoing
oxidative
metabolism
is
a
persistent
challenge,
denoted
as
eustress,
which
operates
within
physiological
range
that
has
been
called
'Homeodynamic
Space',
'Goldilocks
Zone'
or
'Golden
Mean'.
Spatiotemporal
control
achieved
by
compartmentalized
generation
removal
oxidants.
cellular
landscape
H2O2,
major
molecule,
characterized
orders-of-magnitude
concentration
differences
between
organelles.
This
pattern
mirrored
oxidatively
modified
proteins,
exemplified
S-glutathionylated
proteins.
review
presents
conceptual
background
for
short-term
(non-transcriptional)
longer-term
(transcriptional/translational)
homeostatic
mechanisms
stress
responses.
point
variable
moving
target
value,
modulated
circadian
rhythm
external
influence,
summarily
exposome,
includes
nutrition
lifestyle
factors.
Emerging
fields
cell-specific
tissue-specific
regulation
in
settings
are
briefly
presented,
including
new
insight
into
role
eustress
embryonal
development
lifespan,
skeletal
muscle
exercise,
sleep-wake
rhythm,
function
nervous
system
with
aspects
leading
to
psychobiology.
Nano Letters,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
19(4), P. 2418 - 2427
Published: March 18, 2019
Quantitatively
imaging
the
spatiotemporal
distribution
of
biological
events
in
living
organisms
is
essential
to
understand
fundamental
processes.
Self-calibrating
ratiometric
fluorescent
probes
enable
accurate
and
reliable
sensing,
but
conventional
using
wavelength
400-900
nm
suffer
from
extremely
low
resolution
for
vivo
application
due
disastrous
photon
scattering
tissue
autofluorescence
background.
Here,
we
develop
a
NIR-IIb
(1500-1700
nm)
emissive
nanoprobe
high-resolution
fluorescence
vivo.
The
obtained
shows
fast
response
hypochlorous
acid
(HOCl)
with
detection
limit
down
500
nM,
through
an
absorption
competition-induced
emission
(ACIE)
bioimaging
system
between
lanthanide-based
downconversion
nanoparticles
Cy7.5
fluorophores.
Additionally,
demonstrate
superior
spatial
1550
penetration
depth
3.5
mm
phantom,
which
7.1-fold
2.1-fold
higher
than
that
1064
1344
nm,
respectively.
With
this
nanoprobe,
clear
anatomical
structures
lymphatic
inflammation
channel
are
observed
precise
∼477
μm.
This
study
will
motivate
further
research
on
development
NIR-II
biosensing
Angewandte Chemie,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
131(24), P. 8250 - 8255
Published: April 22, 2019
Abstract
Small‐molecule
organic
fluorophores,
spectrally
active
in
the
900–1700
nm
region,
with
tunable
wavelength
and
sensing
properties
are
sought‐after
for
vivo
optical
imaging
biosensing.
A
panel
of
fluorescent
dyes
(
CX
)
has
been
developed
to
meet
this
challenge.
exhibit
tunability
cyanine
have
a
rigidified
polymethine
chain
guarantee
their
stability.
They
chemo‐
photo‐stable
an
aqueous
environment
maximal
absorbing/emitting
at
1089/1140
nm.
show
great
potential
high‐contrast
bioimaging
multicolor
detection
negligible
cross
talk.
Förster
resonance
energy
transfer
(FRET)
between
was
demonstrated
deep
tissue,
providing
approach
monitoring
drug‐induced
hepatotoxicity
by
OONO
−
.
This
report
presents
series
NIR‐II
promising
spectroscopic
multiplexed
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
2022, P. 1 - 23
Published: Oct. 19, 2022
Reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
are
bioproducts
of
cellular
metabolism.
There
is
a
range
molecules
with
oxidizing
properties
known
as
ROS.
Despite
those
being
implied
negatively
in
aging
and
numerous
diseases,
their
key
role
signaling
evident.
ROS
control
several
biological
processes
such
inflammation,
proliferation,
cell
death.
The
redox
underlying
these
events
one
characteristic
the
new
generation
scientists
aimed
at
defining
environment.
potential,
which
includes
balance
sources
antioxidant
system,
implies
an
important
target
for
understanding
cells’
fate
derived
from
signaling.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
chemical,
balance,
signaling,
implications
aging.
