Swarming magnetic nanorobots bio-interfaced by heparinoid-polymer brushes for in vivo safe synergistic thrombolysis

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(48)

Published: Nov. 29, 2023

Biocompatible swarming magnetic nanorobots that work in blood vessels for safe and efficient targeted thrombolytic therapy vivo are demonstrated. This is achieved by using beads elaborately grafted with heparinoid-polymer brushes (HPBs) upon the application of an alternating field B ( t ). Because dense surface charges bestowed HPBs, demonstrate reversible agglomeration-free reconfigurations, low hemolysis, anti-bioadhesion, self-anticoagulation high-ionic-strength environments. They confirmed vitro to perform synergistic thrombolysis efficiently “motile-targeting” drug delivery mechanical destruction. Moreover, completion removal ), disassemble into dispersed particles blood, allowing them safely participate circulation be phagocytized immune cells without apparent organ damage or inflammatory lesion. provides a rational multifaceted HPB biointerfacing design strategy biomedical general motile platform deliver drugs therapies.

Language: Английский

---

Stimuli-Responsive Functional Micro-/Nanorobots: A Review

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(16), P. 15254 - 15276

Published: Aug. 3, 2023

Stimuli-responsive functional micro-/nanorobots (srFM/Ns) are a class of intelligent, efficient, and promising microrobots that can react to external stimuli (such as temperature, light, ultrasound, pH, ion, magnetic field) perform designated tasks. Through adaptive transformation into the corresponding forms, they perfectly match demands depending on different applications, which manifest extremely important roles in targeted therapy, biological detection, tissue engineering, other fields. Promising srFM/Ns be, few reviews have focused them. It is therefore necessary provide an overview current development these intelligent clear inspiration for further this field. Hence, review summarizes advances stimuli-responsive regarding their response mechanism, achieved functions, applications highlight pros cons stimuli. Finally, we emphasize existing challenges propose possible strategies help accelerate study field promote toward actual applications.

Language: Английский

---

MOF-based magnetic microrobot swarms for pH-responsive targeted drug delivery

Science China Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 67(4), P. 1216 - 1223

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) hold significant potential as vehicles for drug delivery due to their expansive specific surface area, biocompatibility, and versatile attributes. Concurrently, magnetically actuated micro/nano-robots (MNRs) offer distinct advantages, such untethered precise manipulation. The fusion of these technologies presents a promising avenue achieving non-invasive targeted delivery. Here, we report MOF-based magnetic microrobot swarm (MMRS) therapy. Our approach overcomes limitations associated with single MNR, including limited loading the risk loss during We select Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) vehicle its superior pH-sensitive decomposition. design incorporates responsive components into one-pot synthesis Fe@ZIF-8, enabling collective behaviors under actuation. Tuning yaw angle alternating fields nanoparticles' amount, MMRSs controllable size achieve instantaneous transformation among different configurations, vortex-like swarms, chain-like elliptical facilitating adaptation environmental variations. Transported subcutaneous T24 tumor site, encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) automatically degrade release drug, leading dramatic reduction in vivo. investigation signifies advancement integration biodegradable MOFs ushering new avenues accurate

Language: Английский

---

Tracking and navigation of a microswarm under laser speckle contrast imaging for targeted delivery

Science Robotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(87)

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Micro/nanorobotic swarms consisting of numerous tiny building blocks show great potential in biomedical applications because their collective active delivery ability, enhanced imaging contrast, and environment-adaptive capability. However, vivo real-time tracking micro/nanorobotic remain a challenge, considering the limited size spatial-temporal resolution current modalities. Here, we propose strategy that enables navigation microswarm stagnant flowing blood environments by using laser speckle contrast (LSCI), featuring full-field imaging, high temporal-spatial resolution, noninvasiveness. The change dynamic convection induced can be quantitatively investigated analyzing perfusion unit (PU) distribution, offering an alternative approach to investigate swarm behavior its interaction with various environments. Both surrounding environment were monitored imaged LSCI real time, images further analyzed for simultaneous complex vascular system. Moreover, our realized vivo, showing promising LSCI-guided

Language: Английский

---

Magnetic Microrobot Swarms with Polymeric Hands Catching Bacteria and Microplastics in Water

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(20), P. 13171 - 13183

Published: May 8, 2024

The forefront of micro- and nanorobot research involves the development smart swimming micromachines emulating complexity natural systems, such as swarming collective behaviors typically observed in animals microorganisms, for efficient task execution. This study introduces magnetically controlled microrobots that possess polymeric sequestrant "hands" decorating a magnetic core. Under influence external fields, functionalized beads dynamically self-assemble from individual microparticles into well-defined rotating planes diverse dimensions, allowing modulation their propulsion speed, exhibiting motion. These mobile microrobotic swarms can actively capture free-swimming bacteria dispersed microplastics "on-the-fly", thereby cleaning aquatic environments. Unlike conventional methods, these be collected complex media release captured contaminants second vessel controllable manner, is, using ultrasound, offering sustainable solution repeated use decontamination processes. Additionally, residual water is subjected to UV irradiation eliminate any remaining bacteria, providing comprehensive solution. In summary, this shows microrobot design

Language: Английский

---

Magnetic Soft Microrobot Design for Cell Grasping and Transportation

Cyborg and Bionic Systems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Manipulating cells at a small scale is widely acknowledged as complex and challenging task, especially when it comes to cell grasping transportation. Various precise methods have been developed remotely control the movement of microrobots. However, manipulation micro-objects necessitates use end-effectors. This paper presents study on operations magnetic microrobot, utilizing only 3 pairs electromagnetic coils. A specially designed microgripper employed microrobot for efficient To ensure grasping, bending deformation model formulated subsequently validated. achieve reliable transportation specific positions, an approach that combines extended Kalman filter with predictive method adopted accomplish trajectory tracking task. Through experiments, we observe by applying proposed strategy, mean absolute error path found be less than 0.155 mm. Remarkably, this value accounts 1.55% microrobot’s size, demonstrating efficacy accuracy our strategy. Furthermore, experiment involving zebrafish embryonic (diameter: 800 μm) successfully conducted. The results not validate precision effectiveness its associated models but also highlight tremendous potential in vitro vivo.

Language: Английский

---

Nano-/Microrobots for Environmental Remediation in the Eyes of Nanoarchitectonics:

Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Nano-/microrobots have been demonstrated as an efficient solution for environmental remediation. Their strength lies in their propulsion abilities that allow active “on-the-fly” operation, such pollutant detection, capture, transport, degradation, and disruption. Another advantage is versatility, which allows the engineering of highly functional solutions a specific application. However, latter can bring complexity to applications; versatility dimensionality, morphology, materials, surface decorations, other modifications has crucial effect on resulting abilities, compatibility with environment, overall functionality. Synergy between decorations its projection functionality object nanoarchitectonics. Here, we scrutinize nano-/microrobots eyes nanoarchitectonics: list general concepts help assess synergy limitations individual procedures fabrication processes operation at macroscale. The nanoarchitectonics approached from microscopic level, focusing dimensionality through nanoscopic evaluating influence decoration nanoparticles quantum dots, moving molecular single-atomic level very fine tuning presented review aims lay provide overview advanced nano-/microrobot remediation beyond.

Language: Английский

---

Collective Behaviors of Magnetic Active Matter: Recent Progress toward Reconfigurable, Adaptive, and Multifunctional Swarming Micro/Nanorobots

Accounts of Chemical Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 55(1), P. 98 - 109

Published: Dec. 21, 2021

ConspectusActive matter refers to the nonequilibrium system composed of interacting units that continually dissipate energy at a single-unit level and transduce it into mechanical force or motion. Such systems are ubiquitous in nature span most biological scales, ranging from cytoskeleton protein polymers molecular bacterial colonies cellular swarms insects, flocks birds, schools fish, even crowds humans on organismal scale. The consumption within tends induce self-organization active as well spontaneous emergence dynamic, complex, collective states with extraordinary properties, such adaptability, reconfigurability, taxis, so on. research is expected deepen understanding underlying mechanisms how living interact each other regulate flow improve survival efficiency, which turn can provide valuable insights engineering artificial novel practical functionalities.Because striking similarity states, colloidal an emerging approach guiding principles coordinated activities systems. Thanks capabilities batch fabrication, size control, modulation interactions (e.g., dipole–dipole interactions, capillary forces, electrostatic on), various complex have been reproduced programmed suspension through elaborate design compositions unit–unit interactions. Among developed systems, magnetic colloids energized by alternating fields demonstrate several unique advantages, including high-degree-of-freedom simple field parameters excellent compatibility many application scenarios. Therefore, not only constitutes useful platform leads discovery fascinating emergent behaviors but also promises enormous potential variety fields.In this Account, we summarize highlight key efforts carried out our group others investigation behavior past 5 years. First, elucidate generation behaviors, classified according dominating among agents, is, interaction, hydrodynamic weak interaction. Then illustrate construction higher effects functionalities environmental 3D swarming, cooperative multifunctionality, on) via synergistic between fields. Next, applications discussed, mainly focus exploration revolutionizing traditional biomedical Finally, outlook future opportunities presented promote development matter, facilitates better counterparts further realization applications.

Language: Английский

---

A Survey on Swarm Microrobotics

IEEE Transactions on Robotics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 38(3), P. 1531 - 1551

Published: Oct. 6, 2021

The small size and wireless actuation of microrobots make them potential candidates for minimally invasive medicine. To advance to future clinical application, microrobotics researchers have investigated a number key issues, in which swarm control is primary challenge attracting increasing attention. As single microrobot has limited volume surface area, clinically relevant tasks, including in-vivo tracking, usually require simultaneous large microrobots. Unlike macroscale robots, implementing on-board actuators sensors challenging, differentiates from other robotics approaches. This article systematically summarizes the state art this emerging field, systems with different power sources, behaviors modeling simulation, strategies, targeted biomedical applications. Actuation principles swarms are categorized detail, critical comparisons made provide guidance insight researchers. Considering unique features compared traditional robotics, also emphasizes modeling, swarms. Furthermore, recent applications summarized illustrate specific application scenarios. Finally, we an assessment directions microrobotics.

Language: Английский

---

Increasingly Intelligent Micromachines

Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 279 - 310

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

Intelligent micromachines, with dimensions ranging from a few millimeters down to hundreds of nanometers, are miniature systems capable performing specific tasks autonomously at small scales. Enhancing the intelligence micromachines tackle uncertainty and variability in complex microenvironments has applications minimally invasive medicine, bioengineering, water cleaning, analytical chemistry, more. Over past decade, significant progress been made construction intelligent evolving simple soft, compound, reconfigurable, encodable, multifunctional, integrated as well individual multiagent, multiscale, hierarchical, self-organizing, swarm micromachines. The field leverages two important trends robotics research—the miniaturization intelligentization machines—but compelling combination these features yet be realized. core technologies required make such tiny machines include information media, transduction, processing, exchange, energy supply, but embedding all functions into system micro- or nanoscale is challenging. This article offers comprehensive introduction state-of-the-art used create for provides insight next-generation that can adapt diverse scenarios use emerging fields.

Language: Английский

---