Current Strategies for Exosome Cargo Loading and Targeting Delivery

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1416 - 1416

Published: May 17, 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as ectosomes and exosomes have gained attention promising natural carriers for drug delivery. Exosomes, which range from 30 to 100 nm in diameter, possess a lipid bilayer are secreted by various cells. Due their high biocompatibility, stability, low immunogenicity, favored cargo carriers. The membrane of also offers protection against degradation, making them desirable candidate However, loading into remains be challenge. Despite strategies incubation, electroporation, sonication, extrusion, freeze–thaw cycling, transfection that been developed facilitate loading, inadequate efficiency still persists. This review an overview current delivery using summarizes recent approaches small-molecule, nucleic acid, protein drugs exosomes. With insights these studies, we provide ideas more efficient effective molecules

Language: Английский

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Engineered Living Materials for Advanced Diseases Therapy

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 12, 2023

Abstract Natural living materials serving as biotherapeutics exhibit great potential for treating various diseases owing to their immunoactivity, tissue targeting, and other biological activities. In this review, the recent developments in engineered materials, including mammalian cells, bacteria, viruses, fungi, microalgae, plants, active derivatives that are used summarized. Further, future perspectives challenges of such material‐based discussed provide considerations advances biomedical applications.

Language: Английский

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Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) in nanomedicine for human disease and therapeutic modalities

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: March 29, 2023

Abstract Background The past few years have witnessed a significant increase in research related to plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) biological and medical applications. Using biochemical technologies, multiple independent groups demonstrated the important roles of PDEVs as potential mediators involved cell-cell communication exchange bio-information between species. Recently, several contents been well identified PDEVs, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, other active substances. These cargoes carried by could be transferred into recipient cells remarkably influence their behaviors associated with human diseases, such cancers inflammatory diseases. Main body abstract This review summarizes latest updates regarding focuses on its role nanomedicine applications, drug delivery strategies develop diagnostic therapeutic agents for clinical management especially like cancers. Conclusion Considering unique advantages, high stability, intrinsic bioactivity easy absorption, further elaboration molecular mechanisms factors driving function will provide new horizons treatment disease.

Language: Английский

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Roles of exosomes in immunotherapy for solid cancers

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Although immunotherapy has made breakthrough progress, its efficacy in solid tumours remains unsatisfactory. Exosomes are the main type of extracellular vesicles that can deliver various intracellular molecules to adjacent or distant cells and organs, mediating biological functions. Studies have found exosomes both activate immune system inhibit system. The antigen major histocompatibility complex (MHC) carried make it possible develop them as anticancer vaccines. derived from blood, urine, saliva cerebrospinal fluid be used ideal biomarkers cancer diagnosis prognosis. In recent years, exosome-based therapy great progress fields drug transportation immunotherapy. Here, we review composition sources microenvironment further elaborate on potential mechanisms pathways by which influence for cancers. Moreover, summarize clinical application prospects engineered exosome vaccines Eventually, these findings may open up avenues determining diagnosis, treatment, prognosis

Language: Английский

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Encapsulation and assessment of therapeutic cargo in engineered exosomes: a systematic review

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Abstract Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and enclosed a lipid bilayer membrane containing various biologically active cargoes such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. Engineered exosomes generated through genetic modification of parent show promise drug delivery vehicles, they have been demonstrated to great therapeutic potential for treating cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, immune diseases, but systematic knowledge is lacking regarding optimization loading assessment efficacy. This review summarizes current approaches engineering evaluating their effects, techniques assessing exosome release kinetics, cell targeting, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, outcomes critically examined. Additionally, this synthesizes the latest applications in clinical translation. The compiled provides framework rational design rigorous therapeutics. Continued advancement robust characterization methods reporting standards will accelerate development technologies pave way studies. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Natural Products from Herbal Medicine Self‐Assemble into Advanced Bioactive Materials

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 21, 2024

Novel biomaterials are becoming more crucial in treating human diseases. However, many materials require complex artificial modifications and synthesis, leading to potential difficulties preparation, side effects, clinical translation. Recently, significant progress has been achieved terms of direct self-assembly natural products from herbal medicine (NPHM), an important source for novel medications, resulting a wide range bioactive supramolecular including gels, nanoparticles. The NPHM-based produced renewable resources, simple prepare, have demonstrated multi-functionality slow-release, smart-responsive release, especially possess powerful biological effects treat various In this review, revealed as emerging, revolutionary, promising strategy. development, advantages, limitations NPHM, well the advantageous position materials, first reviewed. Subsequently, systematic comprehensive analysis strategies specific seven major classes NPHM is highlighted. Insights into influence structural features on formation also provided. Finally, drivers preparations summarized, emphasizing biomedical applications, future scientific challenges, opportunities, with hope igniting inspiration research applications.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine: A review over the last decade

Bioactive Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36, P. 126 - 156

Published: March 2, 2024

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to be secreted by a vast majority of cells. These sEVs, specifically exosomes, induce specific cell-to-cell interactions and can activate signaling pathways in recipient cells through fusion or interaction. nanovesicles possess several desirable properties, making them ideal for regenerative medicine nanomedicine applications. properties include exceptional stability, biocompatibility, wide biodistribution, minimal immunogenicity. However, the practical utilization particularly clinical settings at large scale, is hindered expensive procedures required their isolation, limited circulation lifetime, suboptimal targeting capacity. Despite these challenges, sEVs have demonstrated remarkable ability accommodate various cargoes found extensive applications biomedical sciences. To overcome limitations broaden potential applications, researchers should strive deepen understanding current loading, characterization techniques. Additionally, acquiring fundamental knowledge about origins employing state-of-the-art methodologies expand research scope. This review provides comprehensive overview exosome-based strategies diverse domains, encompassing cancer therapy, immunotherapy, biomarker Furthermore, we emphasize immense exosomes medicine.

Language: Английский

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A Panorama of Extracellular Vesicle Applications: From Biomarker Detection to Therapeutics

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(14), P. 9784 - 9797

Published: March 12, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by all cell types are involved in the cell-to-cell transfer of regulatory factors that influence and tissue phenotypes normal diseased tissues. EVs thus a rich source biomarker targets for assays analyze blood urinary disease diagnosis. Sensitive detection derived from specific populations is key major hurdle when analyzing complex biological samples, but innovative approaches surveyed this Perspective can streamline EV isolation enhance sensitivity procedures required clinical application EV-based diagnostics therapeutics, including nanotechnology microfluidics, to achieve characterizations. Finally, also outlines opportunities challenges remaining translation assays.

Language: Английский

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Revolutionizing Neurocare: Biomimetic Nanodelivery Via Cell Membranes

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(26)

Published: April 7, 2024

Abstract Brain disorders represent a significant challenge in medical science due to the formidable blood–brain barrier (BBB), which severely limits penetration of conventional therapeutics, hindering effective treatment strategies. This review delves into innovative realm biomimetic nanodelivery systems, including stem cell‐derived nanoghosts, tumor cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles, and erythrocyte membrane‐based carriers, highlighting their potential circumvent BBB's restrictions. By mimicking native properties, these nanocarriers emerge as promising solution for enhancing drug delivery brain, offering strategic advantage overcoming barrier's selective permeability. The unique benefits leveraging membranes from various sources is evaluated advanced technologies fabricating membrane‐encapsulated nanoparticles capable masquerading endogenous cells are examined. enables targeted broad spectrum therapeutic agents, ranging small molecule drugs proteins, thereby providing an approach neurocare. Further, contrasts capabilities limitations with traditional methods, underlining enable targeted, sustained, minimally invasive modalities. concluded perspective on clinical translation underscoring transformative impact landscape intractable brain diseases.

Language: Английский

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NIR-II Light-Driven Genetically Engineered Exosome Nanocatalysts for Efficient Phototherapy against Glioblastoma

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146(22), P. 15251 - 15263

Published: May 23, 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a significant therapeutic challenge due to its invasive nature and limited drug penetration through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In response, here we present an innovative biomimetic approach involving development of genetically engineered exosome nanocatalysts (Mn@Bi2Se3@RGE-Exos) for efficient GBM therapy via improving BBB enzyme-like catalytic activities. Interestingly, photothermally activatable multiple reactivity is observed in such nanosystem. Upon NIR-II light irradiation, Mn@Bi2Se3@RGE-Exos are capable converting hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals, oxygen, superoxide providing peroxidase (POD), oxidase (OXD), catalase (CAT)-like nanocatalytic cascade. This consequently leads strong oxidative stresses damage cells. vitro, vivo, proteomic analysis further reveal potential disruption cellular homeostasis, enhancement immunological induction cancer cell ferroptosis, showcasing great promise anticancer efficacy against with favorable biosafety profile. Overall, success this study provides feasible strategy future design clinical stimuli-responsive medicine, especially context challenging brain cancers like GBM.

Language: Английский

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