The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 392(10157), P. 1553 - 1598

Published: Oct. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Emotional Expressions Reconsidered: Challenges to Inferring Emotion From Human Facial Movements

Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 1 - 68

Published: July 1, 2019

It is commonly assumed that a person's emotional state can be readily inferred from his or her facial movements, typically called

Language: Английский

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Childhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review

Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 277 - 312

Published: Dec. 13, 2019

An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of neurodevelopment—the dimensional model stress acceleration model—in a systematic review 109 studies using MRI-based measures neural structure function in children adolescents. Consistent with model, exposed to threat had reduced amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampal volume heightened amygdala activation majority studies; these patterns were not observed consistently deprivation. In contrast, altered frontoparietal regions deprivation but threat. Evidence for accelerated development amygdala-mPFC circuits was limited other metrics neurodevelopment. Progress charting neurodevelopmental consequences requires larger samples, longitudinal designs, more precise assessments adversity.

Language: Английский

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The Neuroscience of Socioeconomic Status: Correlates, Causes, and Consequences

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 96(1), P. 56 - 71

Published: Sept. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Adversity in childhood is linked to mental and physical health throughout life

BMJ, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. m3048 - m3048

Published: Oct. 28, 2020

The prevalence of "toxic stress" and huge downstream consequences in disease, suffering, financial costs make prevention early intervention crucial, say Charles A Nelson colleagues

Language: Английский

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Advocacy for Improving Nutrition in the First 1000 Days to Support Childhood Development and Adult Health

PEDIATRICS, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 141(2)

Published: Jan. 22, 2018

Maternal prenatal nutrition and the child's in first 2 years of life (1000 days) are crucial factors a neurodevelopment lifelong mental health. Child adult health risks, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, may be programmed by nutritional status during this period. Calories essential for growth both fetus child but not sufficient normal brain development. Although all nutrients necessary growth, key that support include protein; zinc; iron; choline; folate; iodine; vitamins A, D, B6, B12; long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Failure to provide critical period development result deficits function despite subsequent nutrient repletion. Understanding complex interplay micro- macronutrients is moving beyond simply recommending "good diet" optimizing delivery developing child. Leaders pediatric policy makers must aware research given its implications public at federal state level. Pediatricians should refer existing services pregnant breastfeeding women, infants, toddlers. Finally, providers caring children can advocate healthy diets mothers, young 1000 days. Prioritizing policies ensure provision adequate eating time would have an early foundation optimal neurodevelopment, factor long-term

Language: Английский

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Biological embedding of childhood adversity: from physiological mechanisms to clinical implications

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 10, 2017

Adverse psychosocial exposures in early life, namely experiences such as child maltreatment, caregiver stress or depression, and domestic community violence, have been associated epidemiological studies with increased lifetime risk of adverse outcomes, including diabetes, heart disease, cancers, psychiatric illnesses. Additional work has shed light on the potential molecular mechanisms by which adversity becomes “biologically embedded” altered physiology across body systems. This review surveys evidence calls researchers, clinicians, policymakers, other practitioners to act upon evidence. Childhood wide-ranging effects neural, endocrine, immune, metabolic physiology. Molecular broadly implicate disruption central neural networks, neuroendocrine dysregulation, chronic inflammation, among changes. Physiological predisposes individuals common diseases life course. Reviewed important implications for clinical practice, biomedical research, sectors relevant public health wellbeing. Warranted changes include screening children adults, scale-up effective interventions, policy advocacy, ongoing research develop new evidence-based response strategies.

Language: Английский

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The Effects Of Violence On Health

Health Affairs, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 38(10), P. 1622 - 1629

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

Violence in its many forms can affect the health of people who are targets, those perpetrators, and communities which both live. In this article we review literature on consequences violence, including child physical sexual abuse, intimate partner elder youth bullying. The biological effects violence have become increasingly better understood include brain, neuroendocrine system, immune response. Consequences increased incidences depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, suicide; risk cardiovascular disease; premature mortality. vary with age sex victim as well form violence. People be victims multiple cumulative.

Language: Английский

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Early life stress and brain function: Activity and connectivity associated with processing emotion and reward

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 116493 - 116493

Published: Dec. 27, 2019

Investigating the developmental sequelae of early life stress has provided researchers opportunity to examine adaptive responses extreme environments. A large body work established mechanisms by which stressful experiences childhood poverty, maltreatment, and institutional care can impact brain distributed systems body. These are reviewed briefly lay foundation upon current neuroimaging literature been built. More recently, cognitive neuroscientists have identified a number effects adversity, including differential behavior function. Among most consistent these findings differences in processing emotion reward-related information. The neural correlates processing, particularly frontolimbic functional connectivity, well studied samples with results indicating accelerated maturation following adversity. Reward received less attention, but here evidence suggests deficit reward sensitivity. It is as yet unknown whether emotion-regulation circuits comes at cost delayed development other systems, notably system. This review addresses that investigated identifying important next steps study function

Language: Английский

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Early stress-induced impaired microglial pruning of excitatory synapses on immature CRH-expressing neurons provokes aberrant adult stress responses

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(13), P. 110600 - 110600

Published: March 1, 2022

Several mental illnesses, characterized by aberrant stress reactivity, often arise after early-life adversity (ELA). However, it is unclear how ELA affects stress-related brain circuit maturation, provoking these enduring vulnerabilities. We find that increases functional excitatory synapses onto stress-sensitive hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-expressing neurons, resulting from disrupted developmental synapse pruning adjacent microglia. Microglial process dynamics and synaptic element engulfment were attenuated in mice, associated with deficient signaling of the microglial phagocytic receptor MerTK. Accordingly, selective chronic chemogenetic activation microglia increased reduced density to control levels. Notably, normalized adult acute responses, including stress-induced secretion behavioral threat as well adrenal hypertrophy mice. Thus, actions during development are powerful contributors mechanisms which sculpts connectivity stress-regulating promoting vulnerability illnesses.

Language: Английский

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