The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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Inflammaging: a new immune–metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 576 - 590

Published: July 25, 2018

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiome: Profound Implications for Diet and Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1613 - 1613

Published: July 16, 2019

The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and influences the development of chronic diseases ranging from metabolic disease to gastrointestinal disorders colorectal cancer. Of increasing prevalence Western societies, these conditions carry a high burden care. Dietary patterns environmental factors have profound effect on shaping microbiota real time. Diverse populations intestinal bacteria mediate their beneficial effects through fermentation dietary fiber produce short-chain fatty acids, endogenous signals with roles lipid homeostasis reducing inflammation. Recent progress shows that individual's starting microbial profile is key determinant predicting response intervention live probiotics. complex challenging characterize. Enterotypes been proposed using metrics such as alpha species diversity, ratio Firmicutes Bacteroidetes phyla, relative abundance genera (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia) versus facultative anaerobes (E. coli), pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus, or nonbacterial microbes. Microbiota composition bacterial are linked physiologic along different axes. We review diet quality, carbohydrate intake, fermentable FODMAPs, prebiotic maintaining healthy flora. implications discussed for various including obesity, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory disease, depression, cardiovascular disease.

Language: Английский

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The dopamine motive system: implications for drug and food addiction

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 18(12), P. 741 - 752

Published: Nov. 16, 2017

Language: Английский

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Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 2862 - 2862

Published: Nov. 22, 2019

The human gut is inhabited by trillions of microorganisms composing a dynamic ecosystem implicated in health and disease. composition the microbiota unique to each individual tends remain relatively stable throughout life, yet daily transient fluctuations are observed. Diet key modifiable factor influencing microbiota, indicating potential for therapeutic dietary strategies manipulate microbial diversity, composition, stability. While diet can induce shift these changes appear be temporary. Whether prolonged permanent alterations unknown, mainly due lack long-term interventions, or follow-ups short-term interventions. It possible that habitual diets have greater influence on than acute strategies. This review presents current knowledge around response interventions identifies major factors contribute diet. Overall, further research include microbiome measures required before clinical recommendations made modulation health.

Language: Английский

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The microbiota–gut–brain axis in obesity

˜The œLancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 2(10), P. 747 - 756

Published: Aug. 25, 2017

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Energy Homeostasis in Fish

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 23, 2019

The microorganisms within the intestinal tract (termed microbiota) have been shown to interact with gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication system between gut and brain mediated by hormonal, immune neural signals. Through these interactions, microbiota might affect behaviors, including feeding behavior, digestive/absorptive processes (e.g. modulating motility barrier), metabolism, as well response, repercussions on energy homeostasis health of host. To date, research in this field has mostly focused mammals. Studies non-mammalian models such fish may provide novel insights into specific mechanisms involved microbiota-brain-gut axis. This review describes our current knowledge possible effects feeding, digestive processes, growth fish, emphasis influence hormones, environmental factors inter-specific differences.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Modulator of Host Metabolism and Appetite

Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 147(5), P. 727 - 745

Published: March 29, 2017

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota in obesity

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(25), P. 3837 - 3850

Published: July 5, 2021

Obesity is a major global health problem determined by heredity and environment, its incidence increasing yearly. In recent years, evidence linking obesity to the gut microbiota has been reported. Gut management become new method of treatment. However, complex interactions among genetics, microbiota, remain poorly understood. this review, we summarize characteristics in obesity, mechanism induced influence genetic environmental factors on provide support for understanding relationship between microbiota. At same time, prospect research related proposed.

Language: Английский

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The circadian regulation of food intake

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 393 - 405

Published: May 9, 2019

Language: Английский

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