Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the increase in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions?

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 739 - 751

Published: April 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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Inflammation and immunity in IPF pathogenesis and treatment

Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 79 - 91

Published: Jan. 9, 2019

Language: Английский

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T cells in health and disease

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: June 19, 2023

T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. cell development occurs in a stepwise process the thymus mainly generates CD4

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation after Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Journal of Stroke, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 29 - 46

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a catastrophic illness causing significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in surgical technique addressing primary brain injury caused by ICH, little progress has been made treating the subsequent inflammatory cascade. Pre-clinical studies have advancements identifying components of neuroinflammation, including microglia, astrocytes, T lymphocytes. After cerebral insult, inflammation initially driven M1 secreting cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β [IL-1β] tumor necrosis factor-α) that are involved breakdown extracellular matrix, cellular integrity, blood barrier. Additionally, factors recruit induce differentiation A1 reactive astrocytes helper 1 (Th1) cells, which contribute to secretion cytokines, augmenting polarization potentiating inflammation. Within 7 days ICH ictus, phenotype coverts M2 phenotype, key for hematoma removal, tissue healing, overall resolution The anti-inflammatory IL-4, IL-10) can drive Th2 cell differentiation. maintained additional suppressing Th1 phenotypes. Elucidating timing trigger may be integral improving clinical outcomes. A challenge current translational research absence an equivalent disease animal model mirroring patient population comorbid pathophysiologic state. We review existing data describe potential therapeutic targets around we creating bench bedside better reflects pathophysiology patients.

Language: Английский

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Dendritic cell biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Aug. 3, 2020

Abstract As crucial antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a vital role in tumor immunotherapy. Taking into account the many recent advances DC biology, we discuss how DCs (1) recognize pathogenic antigens with pattern recognition receptors through specific phagocytosis and non-specific micropinocytosis, (2) process small peptides proper sizes sequences, (3) present MHC-peptides to CD4 + CD8 T initiate immune responses against invading microbes aberrant host cells. During anti-tumor responses, DC-derived exosomes were discovered participate presentation. cell microvillar dynamics TCR conformational changes demonstrated upon Caspase-11-driven hyperactive recently reported convert effectors memory also crosstalk NK Additionally, are most important sentinel for surveillance microenvironment. Alongside review latest developments DC-based immunotherapy preclinical studies clinical trials. Personalized vaccine-induced immunity, which targets tumor-specific antigens, has been be promising form of patients melanoma. Importantly, allogeneic-IgG-loaded HLA-restricted neoantigen vaccines have robust effects mice. Our comprehensive biology its aids understanding as mentors novel immense potential.

Language: Английский

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NF‐κB signaling in inflammation and cancer

MedComm, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. 618 - 653

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Abstract Since nuclear factor of κ‐light chain enhancer‐activated B cells (NF‐κB) was discovered in 1986, extraordinary efforts have been made to understand the function and regulating mechanism NF‐κB for 35 years, which lead significant progress. Meanwhile, molecular mechanisms activation also illuminated, cascades signaling events leading activity key components pathway are identified. It has suggested plays an important role human diseases, especially inflammation‐related diseases. These studies make attractive target disease treatment. This review aims summarize knowledge family members NF‐κB, as well basic activation. We will effects dysregulated on inflammation, tumorigenesis, tumor microenvironment. The progression translational study drug development targeting inflammatory diseases cancer treatment potential obstacles be discussed. Further investigations precise functions physiological pathological settings underlying urgent need develop drugs treatment, with minimal side effects.

Language: Английский

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Cross-Talk Between Antigen Presenting Cells and T Cells Impacts Intestinal Homeostasis, Bacterial Infections, and Tumorigenesis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 6, 2019

Innate immunity is maintained in part by antigen presenting cells (APCs) including dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. APCs interact with T to link innate adaptive immune responses. By displaying bacterial tumorigenic antigens on their surface via major histocompatibility complexes, can directly influence the differentiation of Likewise, cell activation, differentiation, effector functions are modulated utilizing multiple mechanisms. The objective this review describe how activation maintain during exposure microbial infection malignant How bacteria cancer take advantage some these interactions for own benefit will also be discussed. While cover a broad range topics, general focus held around pathogens, cancers, that typically occur within gastrointestinal tract.

Language: Английский

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Dendritic Cell Regulation of T Helper Cells

Annual Review of Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 759 - 790

Published: March 12, 2021

As the professional antigen-presenting cells of immune system, dendritic (DCs) sense microenvironment and shape ensuing adaptive response. DCs can induce both activation tolerance according to peripheral cues. Recent work has established that comprise several phenotypically functionally heterogeneous subsets differentially regulate T lymphocyte differentiation. This review summarizes mouse human DC subset phenotypes, development, diversification, function. We focus on advances in our understanding how different distinct CD4+ helper (Th) cell differentiation outcomes, including Th1, Th2, Th17, follicular helper, regulatory cells. intrinsic properties, local tissue microenvironments, other together determine Th during homeostasis inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Effector T Helper Cell Subsets in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: June 1, 2018

The gastrointestinal tract is a site of high immune challenge, as it must maintain delicate balance between tolerating luminal contents and generating an response towards pathogens. CD4+ T cells are key in mediating the host protective homeostatic responses. Yet, also known to be main drivers inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) when this perturbed. Many subsets have been identified players perpetuating chronic intestinal inflammation. Over last few decades, understanding how each subset Th plays role has dramatically increased. Simultaneously, allowed development therapeutic innovation targeting specific molecules rather than broad immunosuppressive agents. Here, we review emerging evidence functions promoting sustaining inflammation that characterizes IBD.

Language: Английский

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Differentiation and Regulation of TH Cells: A Balancing Act for Cancer Immunotherapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 3, 2021

Current success of immunotherapy in cancer has drawn attention to the subsets T H cells tumor which are critical for activation anti-tumor response either directly by themselves or stimulating cytotoxic cell activity. However, presence immunosuppressive pro-tumorigenic milieu further contributes complexity regulation cell-mediated immune response. In this review, we present an overview multifaceted positive and negative effects cells, with emphasis on different subtypes various how a delicate balance contradictory signals can influence overall immunotherapy. We focus regulatory network that encompasses dendritic cell-induced CD4 + 1 subsequent priming CD8 along intersecting anti-inflammatory 2 discuss other infiltrating such as immunostimulatory 9 fh reg duality 17 function contribute tip anti- vs responses tumor. highlight developing knowledge against neoantigens/oncodrivers, impact current strategies immunity, opposing action be explored amplify patients. Understanding nuances molecular framework undergirding balancing act between is rational designing immunotherapies bypass therapeutic escape maximize potential

Language: Английский

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