Critical Care,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
25(1)
Published: Oct. 12, 2021
Polymorphonuclear
neutrophils
(PMNs)
play
an
important
role
in
sepsis-related
acute
lung
injury
(ALI).
Accumulating
evidence
suggests
PMN-derived
exosomes
as
a
new
subcellular
entity
acting
fundamental
link
between
PMN-driven
inflammation
and
tissue
damage.
However,
the
of
ALI
underlying
mechanisms
remains
unclear.
Tumor
necrosis
factor-α
(TNF-α),
key
regulator
innate
immunity
ALI,
was
used
to
stimulate
PMNs
from
healthy
C57BL/6J
mice
vitro.
Exosomes
isolated
supernatant
were
injected
wild-type
intraperitoneally
(i.p.)
then
examined
for
inflammation,
macrophage
(Mϕ)
polarization
pyroptosis.
In
vitro
co-culture
system
applied
where
mouse
Raw264.7
macrophages
or
bone
marrow-derived
(BMDMs)
co-cultured
with
further
confirm
results
vivo
animal
study
explore
potential
involved.
released
by
TNF-α-stimulated
(TNF-Exo)
promoted
M1
activation
after
i.p.
injection
co-culture.
addition,
TNF-Exo
primed
pyroptosis
upregulating
NOD-like
receptor
3
(NLRP3)
inflammasome
expression
through
nuclear
factor
κB
(NF-κB)
signaling
pathway.
Mechanistic
studies
demonstrated
that
miR-30d-5p
mediated
function
targeting
suppressor
cytokine
(SOCS-1)
sirtuin
1
(SIRT1)
macrophages.
Furthermore,
intravenous
administration
inhibitors
significantly
decreased
cecal
ligation
puncture
(CLP)-induced
death
lung,
well
histological
lesions.
The
present
exosomal
contributed
inducing
priming
activating
NF-κB
signaling.
These
findings
suggest
novel
mechanism
PMN-Mϕ
interaction
which
may
provide
therapeutic
strategies
sepsis
patients.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: March 29, 2021
Abstract
Currently,
pyroptosis
has
received
more
and
attention
because
of
its
association
with
innate
immunity
disease.
The
research
scope
expanded
the
discovery
gasdermin
family.
A
great
deal
evidence
shows
that
can
affect
development
tumors.
relationship
between
tumors
is
diverse
in
different
tissues
genetic
backgrounds.
In
this
review,
we
provide
basic
knowledge
pyroptosis,
explain
tumors,
focus
on
significance
tumor
treatment.
addition,
further
summarize
possibility
as
a
potential
treatment
strategy
describe
side
effects
radiotherapy
chemotherapy
caused
by
pyroptosis.
brief,
double-edged
sword
for
rational
use
dual
effect
will
help
us
explore
formation
ideas
patients
to
develop
new
drugs
based
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
55(44), P. 13658 - 13699
Published: Aug. 29, 2016
Abstract
Principle
has
it
that
even
the
most
advanced
super‐resolution
microscope
would
be
futile
in
providing
biological
insight
into
subcellular
matrices
without
well‐designed
fluorescent
tags/probes.
Developments
biology
have
increasingly
been
boosted
by
advances
of
chemistry,
with
one
prominent
example
being
small‐molecule
probes
not
only
allow
cellular‐level
imaging,
but
also
imaging.
A
majority,
if
all,
chemical/biological
events
take
place
inside
cellular
organelles,
and
researchers
shifting
their
attention
towards
these
substructures
help
fluorescence
techniques.
This
Review
summarizes
existing
target
within
a
single
organelle.
More
importantly,
organelle‐anchoring
strategies
are
described
emphasized
to
inspire
design
new
generations
probes,
before
concluding
future
prospects
on
possible
further
development
chemical
biology.
JAMA Neurology,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
72(3), P. 355 - 355
Published: Jan. 19, 2015
Importance
Traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI)
is
a
significant
public
health
concern
that
affects
individuals
in
all
demographics.
With
increasing
interest
the
medical
and
communities,
understanding
inflammatory
mechanisms
drive
pathologic
consequent
cognitive
outcomes
can
inform
future
research
clinical
decisions
for
patients
with
TBI.
Objectives
To
review
known
TBI
to
highlight
trials
neuroprotective
therapeutic
manipulations
of
Evidence
Review
We
searched
articles
PubMed
published
between
1960
August
1,
2014,
using
following
keywords:traumatic
injury,
sterile
inflammation,
astrocytes,
microglia,
monocytes,
macrophages,
neutrophils,
T
cells,
reactive
oxygen
species,
alarmins,
danger-associated
molecular
patterns,
purinergic
receptors,
neuroprotection,andclinical
trials.Previous
or
studies
involved
manipulation
discussed
were
considered
inclusion.
The
final
list
selected
was
assembled
based
on
novelty
direct
relevance
primary
focus
this
review.
Findings
diverse
group
injuries
induced
by
secondary
give
rise
cell
death,
neurologic
dysfunction
Pathogenesis
driven
complex,
interacting
include
ion
channel
gap
junction
signaling,
receptor
excitotoxic
neurotransmitter
perturbations
calcium
homeostasis,
damage-associated
pattern
molecules,
among
others.
Central
nervous
system
resident
peripherally
derived
cells
respond
provide
neuroprotection
participate
maladaptive
reactions.
exact
contribution
lesion
dictated
their
anatomical
positioning
as
well
local
cues
which
they
are
exposed.
Conclusions
Relevance
development
those
promote
repair
exceedingly
complex
often
superimposed.
Because
pathogenic
diversify
over
time
even
differ
type,
it
important
therapeutics
be
developed
administered
these
variables
mind.
Due
its
complexity,
has
proven
particularly
challenging
treat;
however,
number
promising
approaches
now
under
pre-clinical
development,
recent
have
yielded
few
successes.
Given
worldwide
impact
human
population,
imperative
remains
active
area
we
continue
develop
improve
outcome
afflicted
patients.
