Toward a Deeper Understanding of Gut Microbiome in Depression: The Promise of Clinical Applicability

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(35)

Published: Oct. 26, 2022

The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has dramatically increased global prevalence depression. Unfortunately, antidepressant drugs benefit only a small minority patients. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new interventions. Accumulating evidence supports causal relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and To advance microbiota-based diagnostics therapeutics depression, comprehensive overview microbial alterations in depression presented identify effector biomarkers. This procedure generated 215 bacterial taxa from humans 312 animal models. Compared controls, shows significant differences β-diversity, but no changes richness diversity. Additionally, species-specific are identified like Eggerthella decreased Acetatifactor rodent Moreover, disrupted microbiome balance functional changes, characterized by enrichment pro-inflammatory bacteria (e.g., Desulfovibrio Escherichia/Shigella) depletion anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing Bifidobacterium Faecalibacterium) consistently shared across species. Confounding effects geographical region, type, intestinal segments also investigated. Ultimately, total 178 species subspecies probiotics alleviate depressive phenotypes. Current findings provide foundation for developing advancing microbiota-oriented precision medicine

Language: Английский

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Interplay of Metabolome and Gut Microbiome in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder vs Control Individuals

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 80(6), P. 597 - 597

Published: April 19, 2023

Importance Metabolomics reflect the net effect of genetic and environmental influences thus provide a comprehensive approach to evaluating pathogenesis complex diseases, such as depression. Objective To identify metabolic signatures major depressive disorder (MDD), elucidate direction associations using mendelian randomization, evaluate interplay human gut microbiome metabolome in development MDD. Design, Setting Participants This cohort study used data from participants UK Biobank (n = 500 000; aged 37 73 years; recruited 2006 2010) whose blood was profiled for metabolomics. Replication sought PREDICT BBMRI-NL studies. Publicly available summary statistics 2019 genome-wide association depression were randomization (individuals with MDD 59 851; control individuals 113 154). Summary metabolites obtained OpenGWAS MRbase 118 000). depression, performed Dutch cohorts. Data analyzed March December 2021. Main Outcomes Measures lifetime recurrent MDD, 249 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Nightingale platform. Results The included 6811 compared 51 446 4370 62 508 individuals. Individuals younger (median [IQR] age, 56 [49-62] years vs 58 [51-64] years) more often female (4447 [65%] 2364 [35%]) than Metabolic consisted 124 spanning energy lipid metabolism pathways. Novel findings 49 metabolites, including those involved tricarboxylic acid cycle (ie, citrate pyruvate). Citrate significantly decreased (β [SE], −0.07 [0.02]; FDR 4 × 10 −04 ) pyruvate increased 0.04 0.02) Changes observed these particularly lipoproteins, consistent differential composition microbiota belonging order Clostridiales phyla Proteobacteria / Pseudomonadota Bacteroidetes Bacteroidota . Mendelian suggested that fatty acids intermediate very large density lipoproteins changed disease process but high-density did not. Conclusions Relevance showed disturbed may play role

Language: Английский

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Microbiota–gut–brain axis mechanisms in the complex network of bipolar disorders: potential clinical implications and translational opportunities

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(7), P. 2645 - 2673

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Abstract Bipolar disorders (BD) represent a severe leading disabling mental condition worldwide characterized by episodic and often progressive mood fluctuations with manic depressive stages. The biological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of BD remain incompletely understood, but it seems that there is complex picture genetic environmental factors implicated. Nowadays, gut microbiota in spotlight new research related to this kind psychiatric disorder, as can be consistently several pathophysiological events observed BD. In context so-called microbiota–gut–brain (MGB) axis, shown have strong influence on host neuromodulation endocrine functions (i.e., controlling synthesis neurotransmitters like serotonin or mediating activation hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis), well modulation immune responses, critically regulating intestinal, systemic brain inflammation (neuroinflammation). present review aims elucidate derived from MGB axis disruption possible therapeutic approaches mainly focusing network Understanding its bidirectional communication other systems shed light discovery therapies for improving clinical management these patients. Besides, effect drugs currently used patients, together therapeutical targeting ecosystem (dietary patterns, probiotics, prebiotics, novelties) will also contemplated.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Carotenoids in Mood Disorders: An Overview

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 676 - 676

Published: March 9, 2023

Depression has a multifactorial etiology comprising family history and unemployment. This review aims to summarize the evidence available for antioxidant anti-inflammatory effects of carotenoids in mood disorders. article’s methodologies were based on search PubMed database all linked published papers. Epidemiological studies indicate that diet rich vegetables, fruits, nuts, fish, olive oil may prevent development depression. Antioxidant supplementation been found combat various stress-induced psychiatric disorders, including depression anxiety. A growing body indicates have both anti-inflammatory. Studies also suggest poor dietary intake, particularly low intakes fruit vegetables high fast food other convenience foods, increase risk developing Thus, interventions potential help mitigate mental health decline general population those with Considering effects, it is expected they might exert promising antidepressant effect. Nevertheless, further (including interventional mechanistic studies) assessing effect preventing alleviating symptoms are needed.

Language: Английский

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The metabolites of lactic acid bacteria: classification, biosynthesis and modulation of gut microbiota

Microbial Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 49 - 62

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are ubiquitous microorganisms that can colonize the intestine and participate in physiological metabolism of host. LAB produce a variety metabolites, including organic acids, bacteriocin, amino exopolysaccharides vitamins. These metabolites basis function have profound impact on host health. The is colonized by large number gut with high species diversity. Metabolites keep balance stability microbiota through aiding maintenance intestinal epithelial barrier, resisting to pathogens regulating immune responses, which further influence nutrition, behavior In this review, we summarize their intestine. We also discuss underlying regulatory mechanisms emphasize link between human from perspective health promotion.

Language: Английский

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Emerging role of the host microbiome in neuropsychiatric disorders: overview and future directions

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(9), P. 3625 - 3637

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Abstract The human body harbors a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively known as the microbiota. Current research is increasingly focusing on potential association between microbiota various neuropsychiatric disorders. resides in parts body, such oral cavity, nasal passages, lungs, gut, skin, bladder, vagina. gut gastrointestinal tract has received particular attention due to its high abundance role psychiatric neurodegenerative However, presents other tissues, though less abundant, also plays crucial immune system homeostasis, thus influencing development progression For example, imbalance associated periodontitis might increase risk for Additionally, studies using postmortem brain samples have detected widespread presence bacteria brains patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This article provides an overview emerging host disorders discusses future directions, underlying biological mechanisms, reliable biomarkers microbiota, microbiota-targeted interventions, this field.

Language: Английский

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The impact of acute and chronic stress on gastrointestinal physiology and function: a microbiota–gut–brain axis perspective

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 601(20), P. 4491 - 4538

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

The physiological consequences of stress often manifest in the gastrointestinal tract. Traumatic or chronic is associated with widespread maladaptive changes throughout gut, although comparatively little known about effects acute stress. Furthermore, these stress-induced gut may increase susceptibility to disorders and infection, impact critical features neural behavioural response by impairing gut-brain axis communication. Understanding mechanisms behind enteric nervous system circuitry, visceral sensitivity, barrier function, permeability, microbiota following an important research objective pathophysiological implications both neurogastroenterology psychiatry. Moreover, has emerged as a key aspect physiology sensitive In this review, we focus on different aspects tract including function well immune, humoral neuronal elements involved discuss evidence for role disorders. Existing gaps current literature are highlighted, possible avenues future integrated perspective have been suggested. A more complete understanding spatial temporal dynamics host microbial kinds stressors will enable full exploitation diagnostic therapeutic potential fast-evolving field host-microbiome interactions.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Gut Microbiota in Various Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders—An Evidence Mapping Based on Quantified Evidence

Mediators of Inflammation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023, P. 1 - 16

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Background and Object. There is a growing body of evidence highlighting the significant role gut microbiota in various neurological psychiatric disorders. We performed an mapping to review association between different these disorders assessed strength for associations. Methods. searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos identify systematic reviews meta-analysis (SRs). diseases disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), autism spectrum (ASD), anorexia nervosa (AN), bipolar (BD), eating (ED), generalized anxiety (GAD), major depressive (MDD), multiple (MS), obsessive compulsive (OCD), Parkinson’s (PD), posttraumatic stress (PTSD), spinal cord injury (SCI), schizophrenia, stroke. used A Measurement Tool Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) evaluate quality included SRs. also created map showing certainty evidence. Results. In total, 42 studies were this mapping. Most findings obtained from observational studies. According AMSTAR-2 assessment, 21 SRs scored “critically low” terms methodological quality, 16 SR “low,” 5 “moderate.” total 15 have been investigated potential microbiome alpha diversity disease, with Shannon index Simpson being most widely studied. 12 link beta disease. At phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia more researched. genus Prevotella, Coprococcus, Parabacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Escherichia Shigella, Alistipes, Sutteralla, Veillonella, Odoribacter, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Dialister, Blautia Some found specific flora changes, some common intestinal microbiological changes. Conclusion. varied levels associations diseases; increased risk diseases, whereas others showed benefit that might be promising therapeutic targets such diseases.

Language: Английский

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Gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential postbiotic mediator in the gut–brain axis

npj Science of Food, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 2, 2024

Abstract Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a crucial role in the central nervous system as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Imbalances of this neurotransmitter are associated with neurological diseases, such Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, psychological disorders, including anxiety, depression, stress. Since GABA has long been believed to not cross blood–brain barrier, effects circulating on brain neglected. However, emerging evidence demonstrated that changes both levels gut microbiota composition play modulating mental health. This recent research raised possibility may be potent mediator gut–brain axis. review article will cover up-to-date information about GABA-producing microorganisms isolated from human food sources, explanation why those produce GABA, factors inducing gut–GABA production, suggesting linking between health, stress, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity novel regarding homocarnosine-a predominant peptide is putative downstream regulating functions. help us understand how GABA-homocarnosine metabolism significant Nonetheless, it could support further use production-inducing agents treat disorders.

Language: Английский

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Effect of short-term, high-dose probiotic supplementation on cognition, related brain functions and BDNF in patients with depression: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. E23 - E33

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Background:

In major depressive disorder (MDD), cognitive dysfunctions strongly contribute to functional impairments but are barely addressed in current therapies. Novel treatment strategies addressing symptoms depression needed. As the gut microbiota–brain axis is linked and cognition, we investigated effect of a 4-week high-dose probiotic supplementation on depression.

Methods:

This randomized controlled trial included 60 patients with MDD, whom 43 entered modified intention-to-treat analysis. A supplement or indistinguishable placebo containing maltose was administered over 31 days addition as usual for Participant scores Verbal Learning Memory Test (VLMT), Corsi Block Tapping Test, both Trail Making versions well brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were assessed at 3 different time points: before, immediately after 4 weeks intervention. Additionally, brain activation changes during working memory processing before

Results:

We found significantly improved immediate recall VLMT group intervention, trend × interaction considering all points. Furthermore, hippocampus processing, revealing remediated function group. Other measures did not reveal significant changes.

Limitations:

The modest sample size resulting from our exclusion low-compliant cases should be considered.

Conclusion:

Additional enhances verbal episodic affects neural mechanisms underlying impaired cognition MDD. present findings support importance MDD emphasize potential microbiota-related regimens treat

Clinical registration:

clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02957591.

Language: Английский

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