Long-term obesity impacts brain morphology, functional connectivity and cognition in adults

Nature Mental Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Acute Aerobic Exercise on General and Food-Related Inhibitory Function Among Young Adults with Obesity: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 59 - 59

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Backgrounds and Objectives: Obesity presents a significant global public health challenge is associated with declines in both general food-related inhibitory control, crucial for maintaining healthy weight preventing obesity progression. An increasing body of research suggests that acute aerobic exercise may improve function. However, the effects underlying mechanisms on inhibition obese adults remain unclear. This study aimed to explore potential impacts neuroelectronic single session at varying intensities functions among young adult males obesity. Design: A within-subject design comprising three sessions (control, low-intensity exercise, moderate-intensity exercise) × picture types (high-calorie food, low-calorie neutral picture) was employed. Methods: Eighteen [body mass index (BMI): 34.60 ± 4.21 kg/m2, aged 24.50 5.13 years (Mean SD)] were recruited. They participated intervention sessions: low [40-50% maximal Heart Rate (HRmax)], moderate (65-70% HRmax), control (sitting rest), separated by five-day intervals counterbalanced order. Following each session, participants performed Go/No-go task, EEG recordings (N2 P3 components) conducted within 15 min. Results: Moderate-intensity elicited larger N2 amplitudes compared across different task conditions. there no effect behavioral indicators or amplitude sessions. Additionally, food stimuli (both high- low-calorie) resulted lower No-go accuracy smaller stimuli. Conclusions: Acute might influence function individuals neuroelectric stage, potentially enhancing attentional resources managing cognitive conflict detection. Moreover, reduced response non-food indicate diminished ability allocate neural manage conflicts. due relatively small sample size, caution advised when generalizing these findings broader population. The pilot test indicated had difficulty sustaining high-intensity 80-90% their maximum heart rate continuous 20 min period, highlighting challenges adherence high this Future needed utilize interdisciplinary approaches multimodal technologies clarify how influences cognition, appetite regulation, brain obesity, aiming better contribute prevention treatment

Language: Английский

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Medial orbitofrontal cortex structure, function, and cognition associates with weight loss for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Obesity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 33(2), P. 308 - 320

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to investigate underlying mechanisms long‐term effective weight loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and effects on the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) cognition. Methods A total 18 individuals with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) underwent LSG. Clinical data, cognitive scores, brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were evaluated before LSG 12 months We employed voxel‐based morphometry analysis seed‐based resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) assess LSG‐induced structural changes in mOFC. Partial correlation univariate multivariate linear regression models used explore associations among biochemical indexes, neuroimaging, cognition, loss. Results No significant improvement general cognition found Decreases gray matter volume bilateral mOFC increases RSFC right observed Weight associated RSFC, triglyceride changes. Multivariate model revealed left working memory scores at baseline explained 55.2% variation Conclusions These findings suggest that could serve as biomarkers for predicting persistent LSG, which provides a solid foundation potential target neuromodulation research.

Language: Английский

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Opposite changes in morphometric similarity of medial reward and lateral non-reward orbitofrontal cortex circuits in obesity

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 290, P. 120574 - 120574

Published: March 11, 2024

Obesity has a profound impact on metabolic health thereby adversely affecting brain structure and function. However, the majority of previous studies used single structural index to investigate link between body mass (BMI), which hinders our understanding covariance regions in obesity. This study aimed examine relationship macroscale cortical organization BMI using novel morphometric similarity networks (MSNs). The individual MSNs were first constructed from eight multimodal features regions. Then within discovery sample 434 participants was assessed. key findings further validated an independent 192 participants. We observed that lateral non-reward orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) exhibited decoupling (i.e., reduction integration) obesity, mainly manifested by its with cognitive systems DMN FPN) while medial reward (mOFC) showed de-differentiation decrease distinctiveness) represented attention VAN). Additionally, lOFC visual system mOFC hyper-coupling sensory-motor As important step revealing role underlying variability, present presents mechanism underlies reward-control interaction imbalance thus can inform future weight-management approaches.

Language: Английский

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Childhood Obesity, Hypothalamic Inflammation, and the Onset of Puberty: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1720 - 1720

Published: May 31, 2024

The onset of puberty, which is under the control hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, influenced by various factors, including obesity, has been associated with earlier puberty. Obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation may cause premature activation gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, resulting in development precocious or early Mechanisms involving phoenixin action and microglial cells are implicated. Furthermore, obesity induces structural cellular brain alterations, disrupting metabolic regulation. Imaging studies reveal neuroinflammatory changes obese individuals, impacting pubertal timing. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy enables assessment brain’s neurochemical composition measuring key metabolites, highlighting potential pathways involved neurological obesity. In this article, we present evidence indicating a association among inflammation,

Language: Английский

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Associations of Microbiota and Nutrition with Cognitive Impairment in Diseases

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(20), P. 3570 - 3570

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

Recent research highlights the growing interest in impact of nutrition on cognitive health and function disease, as dietary habits are increasingly recognized crucial factors relation to brain function. This focus is especially important given rising prevalence neurodegenerative diseases decline associated with poor choices. Links now being sought between microbiota gut-brain axis. Mechanisms proposed that include low-grade chronic neuroinflammation, influence short-chain fatty acids, or disruption glial cells transmitters brain.

Language: Английский

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Effect of bariatric surgery on cardio-psycho-metabolic outcomes in severe obesity: A randomized controlled trial

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 155655 - 155655

Published: July 1, 2023

Randomized evidence comparing the cardiovascular effects of surgical and conservative weight management is lacking.In this single-center, open-label randomized trial, obese patients with indication for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) able to perform treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were included. After a 6-12 month run-in phase multimodal anti-obesity treatment, RYGB or psychotherapy-enhanced lifestyle intervention (PELI) co-primary endpoints assessed 12 months later. Thereafter, PELI could opt surgery reassessed 24 after randomization. Co-primary mean change (95 % confidence intervals) in peak VO2 (ml/min/kg body weight) CPET physical functioning scale (PFS) Short Form health survey (SF-36).Of 93 entering study, 60 randomized. Among these (median age 38 years; 88 women; BMI 48·2 kg/m2), 46 (RYGB: 22 PELI: 24) evaluated months. Total loss was 34·3 vs. 1·2 PELI, while increased by +4·3 ml/min/kg (2·7, 5·9) vs +1·1 (-0·2, 2·3); p < 0·0001. Respective improvement PFS score +40 (30, 49) +10 (1, 15); 6-minute walking distance also favored group: +44 m (17, 72) +6 (-14, 26); Left ventricular mass decreased RYGB, but not -32 g (-46, -17) 0 (-13,13); In non-randomized follow-up, 34 assessed. Favorable changes sustained group repeated 15 that opted PELI.Among adults severe obesity, comparison resulted improved capacity quality life. The observed effect sizes suggest are clinically relevant.

Language: Английский

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The melanocortin‐4 receptor pathway and the emergence of precision medicine in obesity management

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(S2), P. 46 - 63

Published: March 19, 2024

Abstract Over the past few decades, there has been a global surge in prevalence of obesity, rendering it globally recognized epidemic. Contrary to simply being medical condition, obesity is an intricate disease with multifactorial aetiology. Understanding precise cause remains challenge; nevertheless, seems be complex interplay among biological, psychosocial and behavioural factors. Studies on genetic factors have revealed several pathways brain that play crucial role food intake regulation. The best characterized pathway, thus far, leptin–melanocortin from which disruptions are responsible for majority monogenic disorders. effectiveness conservative lifestyle interventions addressing limited. Therefore, complement management strategy pharmacological surgical options. Emphasis placed developing drugs aimed at replacing absent signals, goal restoring pathway. In both polygenic forms outcomes differ across various interventions, likely due multifaceted nature disease. This underscores need explore alternative therapeutic strategies can mitigate this heterogeneity. Precision medicine regarded as powerful tool address concern, values understanding underlying abnormality triggering provides tailored treatment accordingly. would assist optimizing current approaches even aid development novel treatments capable more effectively managing

Language: Английский

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Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses support causal relationships between structural and diffusion imaging-derived phenotypes and the risk of major neurodegenerative diseases

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 28, 2024

Abstract Previous observational investigations suggest that structural and diffusion imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) are associated with major neurodegenerative diseases; however, whether these associations causal remains largely uncertain. Herein we conducted bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to infer the relationships between IDPs diseases using common genetic variants-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) as instrumental variables. Summary statistics of genome-wide association study (GWAS) for were obtained from 33,224 individuals in UK Biobank cohort. GWAS seven largest each disease date. The forward MR identified significant or suggestively statistical effects genetically predicted three on Alzheimer’s (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), multiple sclerosis. For example, reduction surface area left superior temporal gyrus was a higher risk AD. reverse significantly AD, Lewy body (LBD), FTD nine IDPs. LBD increased mean diffusivity right longitudinal fasciculus AD decreased gray matter volume ventral striatum. Our findings might contribute shedding light prediction therapeutic intervention at neuroimaging level.

Language: Английский

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Quantitative MRI Biomarkers Measure Changes in Targeted Brain Areas in Patients With Obesity

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 109(7), P. 1850 - 1857

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Abstract Context Obesity is accompanied by damages to several tissues, including the brain. Pathological data and animal models have demonstrated an increased inflammatory reaction in hypothalamus hippocampus. Objective We tested whether we could observe such pathological modifications vivo through quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics. Methods This prospective study was conducted between May 2019 November 2022. The Specialized Center for Care of a French University Hospital. Twenty-seven patients with obesity 23 age gender-paired normal-weight controls were prospectively recruited. All participants examined using brain MRI. Anthropometric biological data, eating behavior, anxiety, depression, memory performance assessed both groups. main outcome measure MRI following parametric maps: susceptibility mapping (QSM), mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), magnetization transfer ratio map, T2 relaxivity map. Results In hypothalamus, had higher FA lower QSM than controls. hippocampus, MD. There no correlation biomarkers behavior or anxiety. Conclusion Our findings are consistent presence neuroinflammation regions involved food intake. from appear provide incremental information assessment obesity.

Language: Английский

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