The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 72 - 89

Published: Aug. 18, 2021

Concepts of cognitive control (CC) and executive function (EF) are defined in terms their relationships with goal-directed behavior versus habits controlled automatic processing, related to the functions prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions networks. A psychometric approach shows unity diversity CC constructs, 3 components most commonly studied constructs: general or common specific mental set shifting working memory updating. These constructs considered against cellular systems neurobiology PFC what is known its functional neuroanatomical network organization based on lesioning, neurochemical, neuroimaging approaches across species. also context motivation, as "cool" "hot" forms. Its Common component shown be distinct from intelligence (g) closely response inhibition. Impairments possible causes psychiatric symptoms consequences disorders. The factor psychopathology (p) dimensional such impulsivity large scale developmental adult populations considered, well implications for genetic studies RDoC classification.

Language: Английский

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Toward naturalistic neuroscience: Mechanisms underlying the flattening of brain hierarchy in movie-watching compared to rest and task

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2)

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Identifying the functional specialization of brain has moved from using cognitive tasks and resting state to ecological relevant, naturalistic movies. We leveraged a large-scale neuroimaging dataset directly investigate hierarchical reorganization activity when watching films compared performing seven resting. A thermodynamics-inspired whole-brain model paradigm revealed generative underlying mechanisms for changing balance in causal interactions between regions different conditions. Paradoxically, hierarchy is flatter movie-watching, level nonreversibility significantly smaller comparison both rest tasks, where latter turn have highest levels nonreversibility. The were by model-based effective connectivity (GEC). Naturalistic could therefore provide fast convenient way measure important changes GEC (integrating anatomical connectivity) found in, example, neuropsychiatric disorders. Overall, this study demonstrates benefits moving toward more neuroscience.

Language: Английский

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Mapping dysfunctional circuits in the frontal cortex using deep brain stimulation

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 573 - 586

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Abstract Frontal circuits play a critical role in motor, cognitive and affective processing, their dysfunction may result variety of brain disorders. However, exactly which frontal domains mediate (dys)functions remains largely elusive. We studied 534 deep stimulation electrodes implanted to treat four different By analyzing connections were modulated for optimal therapeutic response across these disorders, we segregated the cortex into that had become dysfunctional each them. Dysfunctional topographically arranged from occipital frontal, ranging interconnections with sensorimotor cortices dystonia, primary motor Tourette’s syndrome, supplementary area Parkinson’s disease, ventromedial prefrontal anterior cingulate obsessive-compulsive disorder. Our findings highlight integration connectomics as powerful tool explore couplings between structure functional impairments human brain.

Language: Английский

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Connecting genomic results for psychiatric disorders to human brain cell types and regions reveals convergence with functional connectivity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Abstract Identifying cell types and brain regions critical for psychiatric disorders traits is essential targeted neurobiological research. By integrating genomic insights from genome-wide association studies with a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the adult human brain, we prioritized specific neuronal clusters significantly enriched SNP-heritabilities schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder along intelligence, education, neuroticism. Extrapolation cell-type results to reveals whole-brain impact schizophrenia genetic risk, subregions in hippocampus amygdala exhibiting most significant enrichment SNP-heritability. Using functional MRI connectivity, further confirmed significance central lateral amygdala, hippocampal body, prefrontal cortex distinguishing cases controls. Our findings underscore value transcriptomics understanding polygenicity suggest promising alignment genomic, transcriptomic, imaging modalities identifying common biological targets.

Language: Английский

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Controversy over the temporal cortical terminations of the left arcuate fasciculus: a reappraisal

Brain, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 145(4), P. 1242 - 1256

Published: Feb. 8, 2022

The arcuate fasciculus has been considered a major dorsal fronto-temporal white matter pathway linking frontal language production regions with auditory perception in the superior temporal gyrus, so-called Wernicke's area. In line this tradition, both historical and contemporary models of function have assigned primacy to projections fasciculus. However, classical anatomical descriptions emerging behavioural data are at odds assumption. On one hand, area may not be unique other stream deficits reported also for damage middle, inferior basal gyri that linked disconnection. These findings point reappraisal lobe. Here, we review functional evidence regarding cortical terminations left by incorporating dissection tractography stimulation using cortico-cortical evoked potentials direct electrical mapping awake patients. First, discuss fibres projecting gyrus rostro-caudal gradient region where phonological encoding auditory-motor transformation performed. Caudal within temporoparietal junction involved articulation associated third branch longitudinal fasciculus, while more rostral support acoustic phonetic features, supported fibres. We then move examine clinical showing multimodal is facilitated superior, but regions. Hence, how contribute (middle-posterior middle gyri), visual (posterior temporal/fusiform comprising word form area) lexical (anterior-middle information lobe processed, encoded translated into route Finally, out surgical implications model terms prediction avoidance neurological deficit.

Language: Английский

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Local and long-distance organization of prefrontal cortex circuits in the marmoset brain

Neuron, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 111(14), P. 2258 - 2273.e10

Published: May 16, 2023

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has dramatically expanded in primates, but its organization and interactions with other brain regions are only partially understood. We performed high-resolution connectomic mapping of the marmoset PFC found two contrasting corticocortical corticostriatal projection patterns: "patchy" projections that formed many columns submillimeter scale nearby distant "diffuse" spread widely across striatum. Parcellation-free analyses revealed representations gradients these projections' local global distribution patterns. also demonstrated column-scale precision reciprocal connectivity, suggesting contains a mosaic discrete columns. Diffuse showed considerable diversity laminar patterns axonal spread. Altogether, fine-grained reveal important principles long-distance circuits marmosets provide insights into functional primate brain.

Language: Английский

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The role of the prefrontal cortex in social interactions of animal models and the implications for autism spectrum disorder

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 20, 2023

Social interaction is a complex behavior which requires the individual to integrate various internal processes, such as social motivation, recognition, salience, reward, and emotional state, well external cues informing of others' behavior, state rank. This phenotype susceptible disruption in humans affected by neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Multiple pieces convergent evidence collected from studies rodents suggest that prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays pivotal role interactions, serving hub for affiliation, empathy, hierarchy. Indeed, PFC circuitry results deficits symptomatic ASD. Here, we review this describe ethologically relevant tasks could be employed with rodent models study interactions. We also discuss linking pathologies associated Finally, address specific questions regarding mechanisms may result atypical interactions models, future should address.

Language: Английский

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Exposure to multiple ambient air pollutants changes white matter microstructure during early adolescence with sex-specific differences

Communications Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Air pollution is ubiquitous, yet questions remain regarding its impact on the developing brain. Large changes occur in white matter microstructure across adolescence, with notable differences by sex. We investigate sex-stratified effects of annual exposure to fine particulate (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) at ages 9–10 years longitudinal patterns over a 2-year period. Diffusion-weighted imaging was collected 3T MRI scanners for 8182 participants (1–2 scans per subject; 45% two scans) from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®. Restriction spectrum performed quantify intracellular isotropic (RNI) directional (RND) diffusion. Ensemble-based air concentrations were assigned each child's primary residential address. Multi-pollutant, linear mixed-effect models assessed associations between pollutants RNI/RND age time, adjusting sociodemographic factors. Here we show higher PM2.5 associated RND 9 both sexes, no significant change time. Higher NO2 RNI as well attenuating time females. O3 9, sexes. Criteria influence maturation 9–13 old, some sex-specific magnitude anatomical locations affected tracts. This occurs that are below current U.S. standards, suggesting low-level during adolescence may have long-term consequences. known affect health, but it unclear whether affects growing human investigated there development connections, which allow faster communication different brain regions, children aged 9-13 living areas relatively low or high USA. In large group teens, find polluted linked 9-10 old next years. cases, males females showed part showing amount change. Our study suggests levels deemed acceptable under regulations USA could how grows. Further studies needed better understand these changes. Cotter et al. ambient pollutant microstructural transition childhood adolescence. There associations, primarily affecting sexes

Language: Английский

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An enhanced multi-modal brain graph network for classifying neuropsychiatric disorders

Medical Image Analysis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 102550 - 102550

Published: July 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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Asymmetric signaling across the hierarchy of cytoarchitecture within the human connectome

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(50)

Published: Dec. 14, 2022

Cortical variations in cytoarchitecture form a sensory-fugal axis that shapes regional profiles of extrinsic connectivity and is thought to guide signal propagation integration across the cortical hierarchy. While neuroimaging work has shown this constrains local properties human connectome, it remains unclear whether also asymmetric signaling arises from higher-order topology. Here, we used network control theory examine amount energy required propagate dynamics axis. Our results revealed an asymmetry energy, indicating bottom-up transitions were easier complete compared top-down. Supporting analyses demonstrated asymmetries underpinned by connectome topology wired support efficient signaling. Lastly, found correlated with differences communicability intrinsic neuronal time scales lessened throughout youth. show variation may formation macroscopic

Language: Английский

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