The blood–brain barrier: Structure, regulation and drug delivery

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 25, 2023

Abstract Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB complicates pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as most chemical drugs biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter brain. Insufficient drug delivery into brain leads low therapeutic efficacy well aggravated side effects due accumulation other organs tissues. Recent breakthrough materials science nanotechnology provides library advanced with customized structure property serving powerful toolkit targeted delivery. In-depth research field anatomical pathological study on further facilitates development brain-targeted strategies enhanced crossing. In this review, physiological different cells contributing are summarized. Various emerging permeability regulation crossing including passive transcytosis, intranasal administration, ligands conjugation, coating, stimuli-triggered disruption, overcome obstacle highlighted. Versatile systems ranging organic, inorganic, biologics-derived their synthesis procedures unique physio-chemical properties summarized analyzed. This review aims provide an up-to-date comprehensive guideline researchers diverse fields, offering perspectives system.

Language: Английский

---

CRISPR/Cas9 therapeutics: progress and prospects

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Abstract Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene-editing technology is the ideal tool of future for treating diseases by permanently correcting deleterious base mutations or disrupting disease-causing genes with great precision and efficiency. A variety efficient Cas9 variants derivatives have been developed to cope complex genomic changes that occur during diseases. However, strategies effectively deliver CRISPR system diseased cells in vivo are currently lacking, nonviral vectors target recognition functions may be focus research. Pathological physiological resulting from disease onset expected serve as identifying factors targeted delivery targets gene editing. Diseases both varied complex, choice appropriate methods different important. Meanwhile, there still many potential challenges identified when targeting CRISPR/Cas9 treatment. This paper reviews current developments three aspects, namely, type, vector, characteristics. Additionally, this summarizes successful examples clinical trials finally describes possible problems associated applications.

Language: Английский

---

Nanomedicine in cancer therapy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Cancer remains a highly lethal disease in the world. Currently, either conventional cancer therapies or modern immunotherapies are non-tumor-targeted therapeutic approaches that cannot accurately distinguish malignant cells from healthy ones, giving rise to multiple undesired side effects. Recent advances nanotechnology, accompanied by our growing understanding of biology and nano-bio interactions, have led development series nanocarriers, which aim improve efficacy while reducing off-target toxicity encapsulated anticancer agents through tumor tissue-, cell-, organelle-specific targeting. However, vast majority nanocarriers do not possess hierarchical targeting capability, their indices often compromised poor accumulation, inefficient cellular internalization, inaccurate subcellular localization. This Review outlines current prospective strategies design organelle-targeted nanomedicines, highlights latest progress technologies can dynamically integrate these three different stages static maximize outcomes. Finally, we briefly discuss challenges future opportunities for clinical translation nanomedicines.

Language: Английский

---

Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(9), P. 5505 - 5616

Published: April 16, 2024

The recent emergence of nanomedicine has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape and necessitated creation more sophisticated drug delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles sit at forefront numerous promising designs, due to their unmatched control over physiochemical properties such as size, shape, architecture, charge, surface functionality. Furthermore, polymeric have ability navigate various biological barriers precisely target specific sites within body, encapsulate a diverse range cargo efficiently release this in response internal external stimuli. However, despite these remarkable advantages, presence wider clinical application is minimal. This review will provide comprehensive understanding vehicles. affecting be outlined first, followed by description nanoparticle designs preparation methods, beginning with polymers on which they are based. meticulously explore current performance against myriad diseases including cancer, viral bacterial infections, before finally evaluating advantages crucial challenges that determine potential decades come.

Language: Английский

---

Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery: From History to Therapeutic Applications

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(24), P. 4494 - 4494

Published: Dec. 19, 2022

Current research into the role of engineered nanoparticles in drug delivery systems (DDSs) for medical purposes has developed numerous fascinating nanocarriers. This paper reviews various conventionally used and current carriage system to deliver drugs. Due drawbacks conventional DDSs, nanocarriers have gained immense interest. Nanocarriers like polymeric nanoparticles, mesoporous nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, liposomes, metallic nanomedicine, nanomaterials are as targeted at specific sites affected areas body. Nanomedicine rapidly grown treat certain diseases brain cancer, lung breast cardiovascular diseases, many others. These nanomedicines can improve bioavailability absorption time, reduce release eliminate aggregation, enhance solubility blood. introduced a new era by refining therapeutic directories energetic pharmaceutical elements within nanoparticles. In this context, vital information on was reviewed conferred towards ailments. All these were tested vitro vivo. coming years, human health more effectively adding advanced techniques system.

Language: Английский

---

Smart Nanomaterials in Cancer Theranostics: Challenges and Opportunities

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(16), P. 14290 - 14320

Published: April 10, 2023

Cancer is ranked as the second leading cause of death globally. Traditional cancer therapies including chemotherapy are flawed, with off-target and on-target toxicities on normal cells, requiring newer strategies to improve cell selective targeting. The application nanomaterial has been extensively studied explored chemical biology tools in theranostics. It shows greater applications toward stability, biocompatibility, increased permeability, resulting precise targeting, mitigating shortcomings traditional therapies. nanoplatform offers an exciting opportunity gain targeting multifunctionality. advent nanotechnology, particular development smart nanomaterials, transformed diagnosis treatment. large surface area nanoparticles enough encapsulate many molecules ability functionalize various biosubstrates such DNA, RNA, aptamers, antibodies, which helps theranostic action. Comparatively, biologically derived nanomaterials perceive advantages over produced by conventional methods terms economy, ease production, reduced toxicity. present review summarizes techniques theranostics emphasizes (such organic (NPs), inorganic NPs, carbon-based NPs). We also critically discussed challenges impeding their translation treatment diagnostic applications. This concludes that use could significantly will facilitate new dimensions for tumor detection therapy.

Language: Английский

---

Toxic effects of nanoplastics with different sizes and surface charges on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells and the potential toxicological mechanism

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 430, P. 128485 - 128485

Published: Feb. 15, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for biomedical applications

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Nov. 24, 2023

Abstract Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are recognized as a prime example of nanotechnology applied in the biomedical field, due to their easily tunable structure and composition, diverse surface functionalization properties, excellent biocompatibility. Over past two decades, researchers have developed wide variety MSNs-based nanoplatforms through careful design controlled preparation techniques, demonstrating adaptability various application scenarios. With continuous breakthroughs MSNs fields biosensing, disease diagnosis treatment, tissue engineering, etc., gradually moving from basic research clinical trials. In this review, we provide detailed summary beginning with comprehensive overview development history. We then discuss types nanostructured architectures, well classification nanocomposites according elements existed inorganic functional components. Subsequently, summarize primary purposes surface-functionalized modifications MSNs. following, applications MSNs, highlight targeted therapeutic modalities currently developed. Given importance translation, also progress Finally, take perspective on future direction remaining challenges field.

Language: Английский

---

Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles: a novel multifunctional biomimetic drug delivery system

Drug Delivery and Translational Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 716 - 737

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Cancer cell-mitochondria hybrid membrane coated Gboxin loaded nanomedicines for glioblastoma treatment

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 28, 2023

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most lethal malignant tumours. Gboxin, an oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor, specifically restrains GBM growth by inhibiting activity of F 0 1 ATPase complex V. However, its anti-GBM effect is seriously limited poor blood circulation, brain barrier (BBB) and non-specific tissue/cell uptake, leading to insufficient Gboxin accumulation at sites, which limits further clinical application. Here we present a biomimetic nanomedicine (HM-NPs@G) coating cancer cell-mitochondria hybrid membrane (HM) on surface Gboxin-loaded nanoparticles. An additional design element uses reactive oxygen species responsive polymer facilitate at-site release. The HM camouflaging endows HM-NPs@G with unique features including good biocompatibility, improved pharmacokinetic profile, efficient BBB permeability homotypic dual tumour cell mitochondria targeting. results suggest that achieve circulation (4.90 h versus 0.47 free Gboxin) (7.73% ID/g 1.06% shown Gboxin). Effective inhibition in orthotopic U87MG patient derived X01 stem xenografts female mice extended survival time negligible side effects are also noted. We believe represents promising treatment for tumours potential.

Language: Английский

---