Multi-Scenario Simulation of Land Use Change and Ecosystem Service Value Based on the Markov–FLUS Model in Ezhou City, China

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(14), P. 6237 - 6237

Published: July 22, 2024

Changes in land use patterns, types, and intensities significantly impact ecosystem services. This study follows the time series logic from history to expected future investigate spatial temporal characteristics of changes Ezhou their potential impacts on services value (ESV). The results show that Markov–FLUS model has strong applicability predicting pattern use, with a Kappa coefficient 0.9433 FoM 0.1080. Between 2000 2020, construction expanded continuously, while water area remained relatively stable, other types experienced varying degrees contraction. Notably, compared 2000, it by 70.99% 2020. Moreover, watershed 9.30% 2010, but there was very little change following 10 years. Under three scenarios, significant differences were observed City, driven human activities, particularly expansion land. In inertial development scenario, 313.39 km2 2030, representing 38.30% increase Conversely, under farmland protection increased 237.66 km2, 4.89% rise However, ecological priority 253.59 10.13% Compared ESV losses inertia scenarios USD 4497.71 1072.23, respectively, 2030. scenario 2749.09, emphasizing importance prioritizing City’s development. may provide new clues for formulation regional strategies sustainable restoration.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Diet and Nutritional Interventions for the Infant Gut Microbiome

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 400 - 400

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

The infant gut microbiome plays a key role in the healthy development of human organism and appears to be influenced by dietary practices through multiple pathways. First, maternal diet during pregnancy nutrition significantly influence microbiota. Moreover, breastfeeding fosters proliferation beneficial bacteria, while formula feeding increases microbial diversity. timing introducing solid foods also influences microbiota composition. In preterm infants is factors, including time since birth intake breast milk, interventions such as probiotics prebiotics supplementation show promising results reducing morbidity mortality this population. These findings underscore need for future research understand long-term health impacts these further strategies enrich formula-fed infants.

Language: Английский

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Linking human milk oligosaccharide metabolism and early life gut microbiota: bifidobacteria and beyond

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 88(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

SUMMARY Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex, multi-functional glycans present in human breast milk. They represent an intricate mix of heterogeneous structures which reach the infant intestine intact form as they resist gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, confer a multitude benefits, directly and/or indirectly, to developing neonate. Certain bifidobacterial species, being among earliest gut colonizers breast-fed infants, have adapted functional capacity metabolize various HMO structures. This ability is typically observed infant-associated bifidobacteria, opposed bifidobacteria associated with mature microbiota. In recent years, information has been gleaned regarding how these well certain other taxa able assimilate HMOs, including mechanistic strategies enabling their acquisition and consumption. Additionally, complex metabolic interactions occur between microbes facilitated by utilization breakdown products released from degradation. Interest HMO-mediated changes microbial composition function focal point numerous studies, times fueled availability individual biosynthetic some now commonly included formula. this review, we outline main assimilatory catabolic employed discuss that exhibit glycan degradation capacity, cover HMO-supported cross-feeding related metabolites described thus far.

Language: Английский

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Influence of Maternal Milk on the Neonatal Intestinal Microbiome

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 823 - 823

Published: March 20, 2020

The intestinal microbiome plays an important role in maintaining health throughout life. microbiota develops progressively after birth and is influenced by many factors, including the mode of delivery, antibiotics, diet. Maternal milk critically to development neonatal microbiota. Different bioactive components milk, such as human oligosaccharides, lactoferrin, secretory immunoglobulins, modify composition In this article, we review each these maternal milk-derived factors on how modulation bacteria shapes health, disease.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides on the Adult Gut Microbiota and Barrier Function

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2808 - 2808

Published: Sept. 13, 2020

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) shape the gut microbiota in infants by selectively stimulating growth of bifidobacteria. Here, we investigated impact HMOs on adult and barrier function using Simulator Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®), Caco2 cell lines, human intestinal organoid-on-chips. We showed that fermentation 2’-O-fucosyllactose (2’FL), lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), combinations thereof (MIX) led to an increase bifidobacteria, accompanied short chain fatty acid (SCFA), particular butyrate with 2’FL. A significant reduction paracellular permeability FITC-dextran probe was observed monolayers fermented 2’FL MIX, which claudin-8 gene expression as shown qPCR, a IL-6 determined multiplex ELISA. Using gut-on-chips generated from organoids derived proximal, transverse, distal colon biopsies (Colon Intestine-Chips), claudin-5 significantly upregulated across all three following treatment under microfluidic conditions. Taken together, these data show that, addition their bifidogenic activity, have capacity modulate immune barrier, supporting potential provide health benefits adults.

Language: Английский

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Maternal diet alters human milk oligosaccharide composition with implications for the milk metagenome

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Dec. 16, 2020

Human milk is the optimal nutrition source for infants, and oligosaccharides represent third most abundant component in after lactose fat. (HMO) are favorable macromolecules which are, interestingly, indigestible by infant but serve as substrates bacteria. Hypothesizing that maternal diet itself might influence HMO composition, we sought to directly determine effect on Employing a human cross-over study design, demonstrate distinct dietary carbohydrate energy sources preferentially alter concentrations of HMO, including fucosylated species. We find significant associations between concentration HMO-bound fucose abundance fucosidase (a bacterial gene digests moieties) harbored These studies reveal successive mechanism during lactation alters turn shapes functional microbiome prior ingestion.

Language: Английский

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Selective Utilization of the Human Milk Oligosaccharides 2′-Fucosyllactose, 3-Fucosyllactose, and Difucosyllactose by Various Probiotic and Pathogenic Bacteria

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 170 - 182

Published: Dec. 31, 2020

Prebiotic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are found in milk, which not digested by infants but metabolized beneficial gut bacteria. We determined the ability of 57 bacterial strains within Family Lactobacillaceae and genera Bifidobacterium Bacteroides potentially pathogenic bacteria to ferment HMOs 2′-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, difucosyllactose. In addition, prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), lactose, fucose, glucose were evaluated as carbon sources for these strains. Bacterial growth was monitored using automatic Bioscreen C system. Only certain bifidobacteria, such longum subsp. infantis bifidum, well fragilis, vulgatus, thetaiotaomicron utilized studied their sole source, whereas almost all able utilize GOS, glucose. The selectivity utilization only can be advantageous promoting microbes supporting harmful pathogens contrast other less selective prebiotics.

Language: Английский

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Pathogen resistance may be the principal evolutionary advantage provided by the microbiome

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1808), P. 20190592 - 20190592

Published: Aug. 9, 2020

To survive, plants and animals must continually defend against pathogenic microbes that would invade disrupt their tissues. Yet they do not attempt to extirpate all microbes. Instead, tolerate even encourage the growth of commensal microbes, which compete with pathogens for resources via direct inhibition. We argue hosts have evolved cooperate commensals in order enhance pathogen resistance this competition provides. briefly describe between within host, consider how natural selection might favour tilt commensals, examples extant host traits may serve purpose. Finally, we ways cooperative immunity facilitated adaptive evolution non-pathogen-related traits. On basis these observations, vies other commensal-provided benefits being principal evolutionary advantage provided by microbiome lineages across tree life. This article is part theme issue ‘The role evolution’.

Language: Английский

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Gold standard for nutrition: a review of human milk oligosaccharide and its effects on infant gut microbiota

Microbial Cell Factories, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: May 28, 2021

Abstract Human milk is the gold standard for nutrition of infant growth, whose nutritional value mainly attributed to human oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs, third most abundant component after lactose and lipids, are complex sugars with unique structural diversity which indigestible by infant. Acting as prebiotics, multiple beneficial functions HMO believed be exerted through interactions gut microbiota either directly or indirectly, such supporting bacteria anti-pathogenic effects, modulation intestinal epithelial cell response. Recent studies have highlighted that HMOs can boost infants health reduce disease risk, revealing potential in food additive therapeutics. The present paper discusses recent research respect impact on microbiome, emphasis molecular basis mechanism underlying effects HMOs.

Language: Английский

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Human milk oligosaccharides and infant gut microbiota: Molecular structures, utilization strategies and immune function

Carbohydrate Polymers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 276, P. 118738 - 118738

Published: Oct. 11, 2021

Language: Английский

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