GprC of the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys flagrans activates mitochondria and reprograms fungal cells for nematode hunting

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 1752 - 1763

Published: June 14, 2024

Initiation of development requires differential gene expression and metabolic adaptations. Here we show in the nematode-trapping fungus, Arthrobotrys flagrans, that both are achieved through a dual-function G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). A. flagrans develops adhesive traps recognizes its prey, Caenorhabditis elegans, nematode-specific pheromones (ascarosides). Gene-expression analyses revealed ascarosides activate fungal GPCR, GprC, at plasma membrane together with G-protein alpha subunit GasA, reprograms cell. However, GprC GasA also reside mitochondria boost respiration. This dual localization resembles cannabinoid CB1 humans. The C. elegans ascaroside-sensing SRBC66 GPCRs many fungi predicted for localization, suggesting broad evolutionary conservation. An SRBC64/66-GprC chimaeric protein was functional SRBC64/66 DAF38 share ascaroside-binding sites receptor, 400-million-year convergent evolution.

Language: Английский

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Where to grow and where to go

Fungal Genetics and Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 103983 - 103983

Published: April 1, 2025

Filamentous fungi grow as very elongated tubular cells that extend by membrane extension and cell-wall biosynthesis. Membrane enzyme delivery depend on secretory vesicles travel along microtubules, accumulate in a structure called the Spitzenkörper then move actin cables towards apical membrane. Whereas vesicle fusion insertion are well studied, less is known about mechanisms with which zones of hence growth defined. One mechanism how polarity established maintained polar localization cell-end marker proteins (CEMPs). They form multi-protein complexes formin F-actin polymerase. CEMPs depends coordinate microtubule cytoskeleton. Actin filaments capture ends, this positive feed-back loop quickly establishes active sites. However, CEMP self-limiting, because fusing disturb local Ca2+ influx pulses lead to disassembly. This model emerged from studies Schizosaccharomyces pombe Aspergillus nidulans. Surprisingly, deletion CEMP-coding genes not lethal. S. mutants T-shaped A. nidulans germlings straight. In comparison, CEMP-mutants had strong phenotype Arthrobotrys flagrans, nematode-trapping fungus produces ring-like trapping structures. fail adhesive rings instead sticks. overexpression caused hyperbranching phenotype. Hence, involved maintenance play critical roles during modulations polarity. Here, we going discuss functions their connections other determinants.

Language: Английский

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Regulatory Mechanism of Trap Formation in the Nematode-Trapping Fungi

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 406 - 406

Published: April 16, 2022

Nematode-trapping (NT) fungi play a significant role in the biological control of plant- parasitic nematodes. NT fungi, as predator, can differentiate into specialized structures called “traps” to capture, kill, and consume nematodes at nutrient-deprived condition. Therefore, trap formation is also an important indicator that transition from saprophytic predacious lifestyle. With development gene knockout multiple omics such genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, increasing studies have tried investigate regulation mechanism fungi. This review summarizes potential regulatory based on latest findings this field. Signaling pathways been confirmed especially vital phenotypes various mutants multi-omics analysis, involvement small molecule compounds, woronin body, peroxisome, autophagy, pH-sensing receptors traps are discussed. In addition, we highlight research focus for elucidating underlying future.

Language: Английский

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Fungal Melanin Biosynthesis Pathway as Source for Fungal Toxins

mBio, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(3)

Published: April 27, 2022

Contamination of food and feed with toxin-producing fungi is a major threat in agriculture for human health. The filamentous fungus Alternaria alternata one the most widespread postharvest contaminants weak plant pathogen. It produces large variety secondary metabolites alternariol its derivatives as characteristic mycotoxin. Other important phyto- mycotoxins are perylene quinones (PQs), some which have anticancer properties. Here, we discovered that PQ altertoxin (ATX) biosynthesis shares enzymes 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,8-DHN) melanin pathway. However, was formed aerial hyphae spores, ATXs were synthesized substrate hyphae. This spatial separation achieved through promiscuity polyketide synthase, presumably producing pentaketide (T4HN), hexaketide (AT4HN), heptaketide (YWA1) products. T4HN directly enters DHN pathway, whereas AT4HN YWA1 can be converted only hyphae, probably leads to higher concentration, favoring 1,8-DHN formation. Whereas production strictly dependent on CmrA transcription factor, could still produced absence extent. suggests different cues regulate toxin Since by many fungi, PQs or related compounds may more than so far assumed. IMPORTANCE Mycotoxins Food safety control relies identification toxins detection expression respective genes. latter method, however, knowledge biosynthetic pathway key contaminant altertoxins other prominent examples. dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) Because among quinone class anticipated.

Language: Английский

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PKC-SWI6 signaling regulates asexual development, cell wall integrity, stress response, and lifestyle transition in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

Science China Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65(12), P. 2455 - 2471

Published: July 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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AoSte12 Is Required for Mycelial Development, Conidiation, Trap Morphogenesis, and Secondary Metabolism by Regulating Hyphal Fusion in Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2)

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Nematode-trapping (NT) fungi are a unique group of carnivorous microorganisms that can capture and digest nematodes by producing ingenious trapping devices (traps).

Language: Английский

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Fus3 regulates asexual development and trap morphogenesis in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

iScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 107404 - 107404

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Fus3 is an essential regulator of cell differentiation and virulence in fungal pathogens plants animals. However, the function regulatory mechanism MAPK signaling nematode-trapping (NT) fungi remain largely unknown. NT can specialize formation "traps", important indicator transition from a saprophytic to predatory lifestyle. Here, we characterized orthologous typical fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora using multi-phenotypic analysis multi-omics approaches. Our results showed that plays role asexual growth development, conidiation, stress response, DNA damage, autophagy, secondary metabolism. Importantly, indispensable hyphal fusion, trap morphogenesis, nematode predation. Moreover, constructed networks by means transcriptomic yeast two-hybrid techniques. This study provides insights into development pathogenicity fungi.

Language: Английский

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SNARE Protein AoSec22 Orchestrates Mycelial Growth, Vacuole Assembly, Trap Formation, Stress Response, and Secondary Metabolism in Arthrobotrys oligospora

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 75 - 75

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) facilitate intracellular vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion in eukaryotes play a vital role fungal growth, development, pathogenicity. However, the functions of SNAREs are still largely unknown nematode-trapping fungi. Arthrobotrys oligospora is representative species fungi that can produce adhesive networks (traps) for nematode predation. In this study, we characterized AoSec22 A. oligospora, homolog yeast SNARE Sec22. Deletion Aosec22 resulted remarkable reductions mycelial number nuclei, conidia yield, trap formation, especially traps failed to develop mature three-dimensional networks. Further, absence impaired fatty acid utilization, autophagy, stress tolerance; addition, vacuoles became small fragmented hyphal cells ∆Aosec22 mutant, large form. The reduced sporulation capacity correlated with transcriptional repression several sporulation-related genes, accumulation lipid droplets line genes involved oxidation. Moreover, remarkably secondary metabolism, resulting 4717 1230 compounds upregulated downregulated respectively. Collectively, our data highlighted plays pleiotropic growth vacuole assembly, response, metabolism; particular, it required proper development oligospora.

Language: Английский

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AoMedA has a complex regulatory relationship with AoBrlA, AoAbaA, and AoWetA in conidiation, trap formation, and secondary metabolism in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 89(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

The asexual sporulation of filamentous fungi is an important mechanism for their reproduction, survival, and pathogenicity. In Aspergillus several fungi, BrlA, AbaA, WetA are the key elements a central regulatory pathway controlling conidiation, MedA developmental modifier that regulates temporal expression genes; however, roles largely unknown in nematode-trapping (NT) fungi. Arthrobotrys oligospora representative NT fungus, which can capture nematodes by producing adhesive networks (traps). Here, we characterized function AoMedA three regulators (AoBrlA, AoAbaA, AoWetA) A. gene disruption, phenotypic comparison, multi-omics analyses, as these required conidiation play divergent mycelial development, trap formation, lipid droplet accumulation, vacuole assembly, secondary metabolism. A combined analysis traits transcriptome showed AoWetA involved regulation peroxisome, endocytosis, autophagy. Moreover, yeast one-hybrid AoBrlA regulate AoMedA, AoWetA, whereas AoAbaA AoWetA. Our results highlight AoBrlA, mycelia pathogenicity provide basis elucidating relationship between formation IMPORTANCE Conidiation most common reproductive mode many plays essential role fungal pathogens. Nematode-trapping special group owing to innate abilities digest traps (trapping devices). Sporulation growth reproduction conidia basic components biocontrol reagents diseases caused plant-parasitic nematodes. well-known fungus routinely used model probing interaction this study, functions four (AoMedA, were oligospora. complex was noted; pleiotropic multiple intracellular activities. study first revealed oligospora, contributed helped developing effective

Language: Английский

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Small-secreted proteins as virulence factors in nematode-trapping fungi

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(7), P. 615 - 617

Published: March 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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