Lipid and glucose metabolism in white adipocytes: pathways, dysfunction and therapeutics

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 276 - 295

Published: Feb. 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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A new immunometabolic perspective of intervertebral disc degeneration

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 47 - 60

Published: Nov. 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Obesity cardiomyopathy: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 101(4), P. 1745 - 1807

Published: May 5, 2021

The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise and imposes a major health threat, in part, due to rapidly increased overweight obesity. To this point, epidemiological, clinical, experimental evidence supports existence unique disease entity termed "obesity cardiomyopathy," which develops independent hypertension, coronary disease, other diseases. Our contemporary review evaluates for pathological condition, examines putative responsible mechanisms, discusses therapeutic options disorder. Clinical findings have consolidated presence left ventricular dysfunction Experimental investigations uncovered pathophysiological changes myocardial structure function genetically predisposed diet-induced Indeed, consolidates wide array cellular molecular mechanisms underlying etiology obesity cardiomyopathy including adipose tissue dysfunction, systemic inflammation, metabolic disturbances (insulin resistance, abnormal glucose transport, spillover free fatty acids, lipotoxicity, amino acid derangement), altered intracellular especially mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, autophagy/mitophagy defect, fibrosis, dampened flow reserve, microvascular (microangiopathy), endothelial impairment. Given important role risk failure, that with preserved systolic recent rises COVID-19-associated cardiovascular mortality, should provide compelling cardiomyopathy, various comorbid conditions, offer new insights into potential approaches (pharmacological lifestyle modification) clinical management cardiomyopathy.

Language: Английский

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Role of Leptin in Inflammation and Vice Versa

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(16), P. 5887 - 5887

Published: Aug. 16, 2020

Inflammation is an essential immune response for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In a general sense, acute and chronic inflammation are different types adaptive that called into action when other homeostatic mechanisms insufficient. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding cellular molecular events involved inflammatory to infection injury, causes systemic much less known. The pathogenic capacity this type puzzling represents common link multifactorial diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases 2 diabetes. recent years, interest raised by discovery novel mediators inflammation, microRNAs adipokines, with effects on target tissues. present review, we discuss data emerged from research leptin obesity mediator sustaining how knowledge could be instrumental design leptin-based manipulation strategies help restoration abnormal responses. On direction, either autoimmune or infectious impaired microbiota (dysbiosis) may impair inducing resistance weight control, therefore it cause obesity. Thus, reviewing published regarding role way around, development

Language: Английский

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Diabetes Mellitus and Its Metabolic Complications: The Role of Adipose Tissues

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(14), P. 7644 - 7644

Published: July 16, 2021

Many approaches have been used in the effective management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A recent paradigm shift has focused on role adipose tissues development and treatment disease. Brown (BAT) white (WAT) are two main types with beige subsets more recently identified. They play key roles communication insulin sensitivity. However, WAT shown to contribute significantly endocrine function. produces hormones cytokines, collectively called adipocytokines, such as leptin adiponectin. These adipocytokines proven vary conditions, metabolic dysfunction, diabetes, or inflammation. The regulation fat storage, energy metabolism, satiety, release all features tissues. As such, they indicators that may provide insights dysfunction can be considered routes for therapeutic considerations. essential vis-a-vis appetite, storage energy, glucose tolerance, release, solidifies tissue pathogenesis mellitus complications associated

Language: Английский

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The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1899 - 1899

Published: June 26, 2020

Exercise is an effective strategy for preventing and treating obesity its related cardiometabolic disorders, resulting in significant loss of body fat mass, white adipose tissue browning, redistribution energy substrates, optimization global expenditure, enhancement hypothalamic circuits that control appetite-satiety decreased systemic inflammation insulin resistance. Novel exercise-inducible soluble factors, including myokines, hepatokines, osteokines, immune cytokines adipokines are hypothesized to play important role the body’s response exercise. To our knowledge, no review has provided a comprehensive integrative overview these novel molecular players mechanisms involved metabolic fuel during after exercise, weight reduced inflammation. In this review, we explain potential namely such as irisin, IL-6, IL-15, METRNL, BAIBA, myostatin, particular selenoprotein P, fetuin A, FGF21, ANGPTL4, follistatin. We also describe function specifically osteocalcin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin. emphasize pleiotropic mechanisms, pathways, inter-organ crosstalk mass loss, inflammation, healthy induced by

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of insulin resistance related to white, beige, and brown adipocytes

Molecular Metabolism, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34, P. 27 - 42

Published: Jan. 7, 2020

The diminished glucose lowering effect of insulin in obesity, called "insulin resistance," is associated with intolerance, type 2 diabetes, and other serious maladies. Many publications on this topic have suggested numerous hypotheses the molecular cellular disruptions that contribute to syndrome. However, significant uncertainty remains mechanisms its initiation long-term maintenance. To simplify resistance analysis, review focuses unifying concept adipose tissue a central regulator systemic homeostasis by controlling liver skeletal muscle metabolism. Key aspects function related reviewed are: 1) modes which specific tissues control hepatic output disposal, 2) recently acquired understanding underlying these regulation, 3) steps pathways adversely affected obesity cause resistance. Adipocyte heterogeneity required mediate multiple tolerance. White adipocytes specialize sequestering triglycerides away from liver, muscle, limit toxicity. In contrast, brown/beige are very active directly taking up response β adrenergic signaling enhancing energy expenditure. Nonetheless, white, beige, brown all share common feature secreting factors possibly exosomes act distant homeostasis. Obesity exerts deleterious effects each adipocyte functions

Language: Английский

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HIV and antiretroviral therapy-related fat alterations

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: June 18, 2020

Early in the HIV epidemic, lipodystrophy, characterized by subcutaneous fat loss (lipoatrophy), with or without central accumulation (lipohypertrophy), was recognized as a frequent condition among people living (PLWH) receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. The subsequent identification of thymidine analogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors cause lipoatrophy led to development newer agents; however, studies have demonstrated continued abnormalities and/or lipid storage PLWH treated drugs (including integrase inhibitor-based regimens), gain due restoration health therapy-naive PLWH, which is compounded rising rates obesity. mechanisms alterations are complex, multifactorial and not fully understood, although they known result part from direct effects proteins agents on adipocyte health, genetic factors, increased microbial translocation, changes adaptive immune milieu after infection, tissue inflammation accelerated fibrosis. Management includes classical lifestyle role for pharmacological therapies surgery some patients. Continued will an important effect lifespan, healthspan quality life patients age worldwide, highlighting need investigate critical uncertainties regarding pathophysiology, risk factors management. therapy-related include loss, This Primer discusses changing epidemiology, mechanisms, diagnosis treatment these alterations.

Language: Английский

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Adipose tissue aging: mechanisms and therapeutic implications

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(4)

Published: April 4, 2022

Abstract Adipose tissue, which is the crucial energy reservoir and endocrine organ for maintenance of systemic glucose, lipid, homeostasis, undergoes significant changes during aging. These cause physiological declines age-related disease in elderly population. Here, we review adipose tissue at multiple levels highlight underlying mechanisms regulating aging process. We also discuss pathogenic pathways fat dysfunctions their negative consequences, such as dyslipidemia, chronic general inflammation, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D). Age-related involve redistribution deposits composition, parallel with functional decline adipocyte progenitors accumulation senescent cells. Multiple induce defective adipogenesis, aberrant adipocytokine production, leading to dysfunction. Changes gene expression extracellular signaling molecules regulate process through various pathways. In addition, impacts other organs that are infiltrated by lipids, leads metabolic system disruption, acceleration. Moreover, studies have indicated an early onset event a potential target extend lifespan. Together, suggest plays key role therapeutic treatment disease, deserves further study advance relevant knowledge.

Language: Английский

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Involvement of Novel Adipokines, Chemerin, Visfatin, Resistin and Apelin in Reproductive Functions in Normal and Pathological Conditions in Humans and Animal Models

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(18), P. 4431 - 4431

Published: Sept. 9, 2019

It is well known that adipokines are endocrine factors mainly secreted by white adipose tissue. Their central role in energy metabolism currently accepted. More recently, their involvement fertility regulation and the development of some reproductive disorders has been suggested. Data concerning leptin adiponectin, two most studied adipokines, control axis consistent. In recent years, interest grown about novel chemerin, visfatin, resistin apelin, which have found to be strongly associated with obesity insulin-resistance. Here, we will review expression male female reproduction humans animal models. According accumulating evidence, they could regulate secretion GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone), gonadotropins steroids. Furthermore, receptors (if known), demonstrated human hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Like these thus represent metabolic sensors able functions according balance changes. Therefore, after investigating normal fertility, also discuss possible troubles features syndrome, such as polycystic ovary gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia intra-uterine growth retardation women, sperm abnormalities testicular pathologies men.

Language: Английский

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