Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 1822 - 1832

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights

Gut, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(5), P. 1020 - 1032

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to regulation host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types crosstalk with organs. Because development molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), complex interactions occurring between microorganisms progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, deviations linked many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel (IBDs) several cancer. Thus, that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid glucose metabolism affected. In this review, specific attention given provide a critical evaluation current understanding field. Numerous mechanisms explaining how bacteria might be causally protection or onset discussed. We examine well-established metabolites short-chain fatty acids, bile trimethylamine N-oxide) extend more recently identified actors endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products enterosynes) their receptors such peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gamma (PPARγ), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), G protein-coupled GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda 5). Altogether, complexity aspects linking health will help set basis for novel therapies already developed.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and cancer risk: Emerging biological mechanisms and perspectives

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 121 - 135

Published: Nov. 13, 2018

Language: Английский

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Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Sept. 25, 2019

Ageing is accompanied by remodeling of the immune system. With time, this leads to a decline in efficacy, resulting increased vulnerability infectious diseases, diminished responses vaccination, and susceptibility age-related inflammatory diseases. An age-associated alteration, extensively reported previous studies, reduction number peripheral blood naïve cells, with relative increase frequency memory cells. These two alterations, together inflamm-ageing, are considered hallmarks immunosenescence. Although ageing plastic process, it influenced both nutritional pharmacological interventions. Therefore, role nutrition immunomodulation immunosenescence discussed, due multifactorial influence on these hallmarks. The close connection between nutrition, intake bioactive nutrients supplements, function, inflammation demonstrate key dietary strategies as regulators response status, hence possible modulators rate In addition, potential options for therapeutic intervention clarified. particular, use interleukin-7 growth factor T function checkpoint inhibitors improving cell during and, drugs that inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinases their interaction nutrient signaling pathways discussed. Finally, suggested inclusion appropriate combinations toll-like receptor agonists may enhance efficacy vaccination older adults.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial Uncoupling: A Key Controller of Biological Processes in Physiology and Diseases

Cells, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 795 - 795

Published: July 30, 2019

Mitochondrial uncoupling can be defined as a dissociation between mitochondrial membrane potential generation and its use for mitochondria-dependent ATP synthesis. Although this process was originally considered dysfunction, the identification of UCP-1 an endogenous physiological protein suggests that could involved in many other biological processes. In review, we first compare agents available term mechanistic non-specific effects. Proteins regulating uncoupling, well chemical compounds with properties are discussed. Second, summarize most recent findings linking cellular or processes, such bulk specific autophagy, reactive oxygen species production, secretion, cell death, physical exercise, metabolic adaptations adipose tissue, signaling. Finally, show how used to treat several human diseases, obesity, cardiovascular neurological disorders.

Language: Английский

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Phage-guided modulation of the gut microbiota of mouse models of colorectal cancer augments their responses to chemotherapy

Nature Biomedical Engineering, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(9), P. 717 - 728

Published: July 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: connections in epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatments

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 21, 2023

The prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been consistently increasing worldwide. Sharing powerful genetic environmental features in their pathogenesis, amplifies the impact susceptibility factors on DM. ectopic expansion adipose tissue excessive accumulation certain nutrients metabolites sabotage metabolic balance via insulin resistance, dysfunctional autophagy, microbiome-gut-brain axis, further exacerbating dysregulation immunometabolism through low-grade systemic inflammation, leading to an accelerated loss functional β-cells gradual elevation blood glucose. Given these intricate connections, most available treatments type 2 DM (T2DM) have a mutual effect each other. For example, anti-obesity drugs can be anti-diabetic some extent, medicines, contrast, shown increase body weight, such as insulin. Meanwhile, surgical procedures, especially bariatric surgery, are more effective for both T2DM. Besides guaranteeing availability accessibility all diagnostic therapeutic tools, clinical experimental investigations pathogenesis two diseases warranted improve efficacy safety newly developed treatments.

Language: Английский

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Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Sept. 24, 2018

Physical exercise has beneficial effects on metabolic diseases, and a combined therapeutic regimen of regular pharmaceutical treatment is often recommended for their clinical management. However, the mechanisms by which produces these are not fully understood. Myokines, group skeletal muscle (SkM) derived peptides may play an important part in this process. Myokines produced, expressed released fibers under contraction exert both local pleiotropic effects. such as IL-6, IL-10 IL-1ra during physical mediate its health benefits. Just seems to promote myokine response, inactivity impair it, could be mechanism explain association between sedentary behavior many chronic diseases. help configure immune-metabolic factor interface promoting through release humoral factors capable interacting with other tissues, mainly adipose tissue (AT). AT itself secretes proinflammatory cytokines (adipokines) result it well recognized that inflammation can lead development type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) atherosclerosis. On hand, browning phenotype been suggested one improves body composition overweight/obese individuals. Although, involved crosstalk SkM AT, respect effects, IL-15, irisin myostatin seem have decisive role "conversation" SkM. This review article proposes bring together latest "state art" knowledge regarding muscle-adipose crosstalk. Furthermore, intended particularly focus changes from directly mediated myokines.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation and Pancreatic Cancer: Focus on Metabolism, Cytokines, and Immunity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 676 - 676

Published: Feb. 5, 2019

Systemic and local chronic inflammation might enhance the risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), PDAC-associated inflammatory infiltrate in tumor microenvironment concurs enhancing growth metastasis. Inflammation is closely correlated with immunity, same immune cell populations contributing to both response. In PDAC microenvironment, unbalanced towards an immunosuppressive phenotype, a prevalence myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), M2 polarized macrophages, Treg, over M1 dendritic cells, effector CD4+ CD8+ T lymphocytes. The dynamic continuously evolving cross-talk between cancer be direct contact-dependent, but it mainly mediated by soluble exosomes-carried cytokines. Among these, necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) plays relevant role risk, growth, cancer-associated cachexia. this review, we describe types, cytokines, mechanisms underlying progression, particular attention on TNFα, also light potential risks or benefits associated anti-TNFα treatments.

Language: Английский

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Environmental Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 275 - 289

Published: July 20, 2018

Language: Английский

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