The Cell Wall, Cell Membrane and Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus aureus and Their Role in Antibiotic Resistance DOI Creative Commons
Philip Nikolic, Poonam Mudgil

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 259 - 259

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria are a serious threat to human health. With increasing antibiotic resistance in common pathogens, fewer antibiotics remain effective against infectious diseases. Staphylococcus aureus is pathogenic bacterium particular concern health as it has developed many the currently used leaving very few remaining treatment. Alternatives conventional needed for treating bacterial infections. A deeper understanding cellular characteristics beyond well characterized mechanisms can allow increased ability properly treat them and potentially identify targetable changes. This review looks at S relation its components, cell wall, membrane virulence factors. Methicillin most some have even last resort vancomycin daptomycin. Modifications wall peptidoglycan teichoic acids noted bacteria. Alterations lipids affect susceptibility through surface charge, permeability, fluidity, stability membrane. Virulence factors such adhesins, toxins immunomodulators serve versatile functions aureus. New antimicrobial strategies target including anti-virulence treatment an adjuvant traditional therapy.

Language: Английский

Antimicrobial Resistance in ESKAPE Pathogens DOI Open Access
David M. P. De Oliveira, Brian M. Forde, Timothy J. Kidd

et al.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(3)

Published: May 12, 2020

Antimicrobial-resistant ESKAPE ( E nterococcus faecium , S taphylococcus aureus K lebsiella pneumoniae A cinetobacter baumannii P seudomonas aeruginosa and nterobacter species) pathogens represent a global threat to human health. The acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes by has reduced the treatment options for serious infections, increased burden disease, death rates due failure requires coordinated response surveillance.

Language: Английский

Citations

1532
Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance: The Most Critical Pathogens DOI Creative Commons
Giuseppe Mancuso, Angelina Midiri, Elisabetta Gerace

et al.

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1310 - 1310

Published: Oct. 12, 2021

Antibiotics have made it possible to treat bacterial infections such as meningitis and bacteraemia that, prior their introduction, were untreatable consequently fatal. Unfortunately, in recent decades overuse misuse of antibiotics well social economic factors accelerated the spread antibiotic-resistant bacteria, making drug treatment ineffective. Currently, at least 700,000 people worldwide die each year due antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Without new better treatments, World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that this number could rise 10 million by 2050, highlighting a health concern not secondary importance. In February 2017, light increasing antibiotic resistance, WHO published list pathogens includes designated acronym ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species) which given highest "priority status" since they represent great threat humans. Understanding mechanisms these bacteria is key step development drugs tackle drug-resistant bacteria. review, both mode action commonly used antimicrobials will be examined. It also discusses current state AMR most critical resistant determined WHO's global priority list.

Language: Английский

Citations

882
Pathogenicity and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus DOI Creative Commons
Gordon Y. C. Cheung, Justin S. Bae, Michaël Otto

et al.

Virulence, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 547 - 569

Published: Jan. 31, 2021

is one of the most frequent worldwide causes morbidity and mortality due to an infectious agent. This pathogen can cause a wide variety diseases, ranging from moderately severe skin infections fatal pneumonia sepsis. Treatment

Language: Английский

Citations

847
Antibiotic resistance and persistence—Implications for human health and treatment perspectives DOI Open Access
Markus Huemer, Srikanth Mairpady Shambat, Silvio D. Brugger

et al.

EMBO Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(12)

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

535
Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: A review of case updating and clinical features DOI Creative Commons
Yanguang Cong,

Sijin Yang,

Xiancai Rao

et al.

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 21, P. 169 - 176

Published: Oct. 12, 2019

The infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global threat to public health. Vancomycin remains one of the first-line drugs for treatment MRSA infections. However, S. isolates with complete resistance vancomycin have emerged in recent years. Vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) mediated vanA gene cluster, which transferred from vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. Since first VRSA isolate was recovered Michigan, USA 2002, 52 strains been isolated worldwide. In this paper, we review latest progresses VRSA, highlighting its mechanism, characteristics infections, as well clinical treatments.

Language: Английский

Citations

407
β-lactam antibiotics: An overview from a medicinal chemistry perspective DOI
Lı́dia Moreira Lima,

Bianca Nascimento Monteiro da Silva,

Gisele Barbosa

et al.

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 208, P. 112829 - 112829

Published: Sept. 15, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

394
Staphylococcus aureus host interactions and adaptation DOI Open Access
Benjamin P. Howden, Stefano Giulieri, Tania Wong Fok Lung

et al.

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 380 - 395

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

382
The Continuing Threat of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus DOI Creative Commons
Márió Gajdács

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 52 - 52

Published: May 2, 2019

Staphylococcus aureus has been an exceptionally successful pathogen, which is still relevant in modern age-medicine due to its adaptability and tenacity. This bacterium may be a causative agent plethora of infections, owing abundance (in the environment normal flora) variety virulence factors that it possesses. Methicillin-resistant S. (MRSA) strains—first described 1961—are characterized by altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a/c) resistance all penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, makes β-lactam armamentarium clinically ineffective. The acquisition additional determinants further complicates their eradication; therefore, MRSA can considered as first representative multidrug-resistant bacteria. Based on 230 references, aim this review recap history, emergence, clinical features various infections (hospital-, community-, livestock-associated), summarize current advances regarding screening, typing, therapeutic options (including lipoglycopeptides, oxazolidinones, anti-MRSA novel pleuromutilin-, tetracycline- quinolone-derivatives, daptomycin, fusidic acid, addition drug candidates development phase), both for audience microbiologists infectious disease specialists.

Language: Английский

Citations

259
Treatment of MRSA-infected osteomyelitis using bacterial capturing, magnetically targeted composites with microwave-assisted bacterial killing DOI Creative Commons

Yuqian Qiao,

Xiangmei Liu, Bo Li

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Sept. 7, 2020

Abstract Owing to the poor penetration depth of light, phototherapy, including photothermal and photodynamic therapies, remains severely ineffective in treating deep tissue infections such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected osteomyelitis. Here, we report a microwave-excited antibacterial nanocapturer system for that consists microwave-responsive Fe 3 O 4 /CNT chemotherapy agent gentamicin (Gent). This system, /CNT/Gent, is proven efficiently target eradicate MRSA-infected rabbit tibia Its robust effectiveness attributed precise bacteria-capturing ability magnetic targeting nanocapturer, well subsequent synergistic effects microwaveocaloric therapy from effective release antibiotics infection sites. The advanced target-nanocapturer microwaveocaloric-chemotherapy with developed this study makes major step forward microwave infections.

Language: Английский

Citations

225
Synthetic Polymeric Antibacterial Hydrogel for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Wound Healing: Nanoantimicrobial Self-Assembly, Drug- and Cytokine-Free Strategy DOI
Wenshuai Liu, Wenbin Ouyang, Chao Zhang

et al.

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 12905 - 12917

Published: Sept. 18, 2020

Antibacterial hydrogels are attracting extensive attention in soft tissue repair and regeneration, including bacteria-infected-wound healing. The abuse of antibiotics leads to drug resistance. Recent developments have demonstrated that the delivery inorganic bactericidal agents can drive wound healing process; however, this approach is complicated by external light stimuli, cytotoxicity, nondegradability, sophisticated fabrication. Herein, an inherent antibacterial, bioresorbable hydrogel was developed spontaneous self-aggregation amphiphilic, oxadiazole-group-decorated quaternary ammonium salts (QAS)-conjugated poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCEC-QAS) micellar nanoantimicrobials for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected cutaneous PCEC-QAS showed a stable gel state within temperature range 5–50 °C antibacterial efficacy against both Gram-negative -positive bacteria vitro vivo. Additionally, facilitated cell spreading, proliferation, migration without cytotoxicity. An vivo degradation skin defect study suggested totally absorbed local or systemic toxicity could promote absence drugs, cytokines, cells. Significantly, accelerated regeneration MRSA-infected full-thickness impaired successfully reconstructing intact thick epidermis similar normal mouse skin. Collectively, self-assembling promising dressing material prevent bacterial infection additional cells, irradiation, systems, providing simple but effective strategy treating dermal wounds.

Language: Английский

Citations

205