Myokines: metabolic regulation in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Life Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3)

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Skeletal muscle plays a vital role in the regulation of systemic metabolism, partly through its secretion endocrine factors which are collectively known as myokines. Altered myokine levels associated with metabolic diseases, such type 2 diabetes (T2D). The significance interorgan crosstalk, particularly myokines, has emerged fundamental aspect nutrient and energy homeostasis. However, comprehensive understanding biology setting obesity T2D remains major challenge. In this review, we discuss biological functions key myokines that have been extensively studied during past two decades, namely interleukin 6 (IL-6), irisin, myostatin (MSTN), growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), fibroblast 21 (FGF21), apelin, brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF), meteorin-like (Metrnl), secreted protein acidic rich cysteine (SPARC), β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), Musclin, Dickkopf 3 (Dkk3). Related to these, detail exercise expression together their contributions physiology disease. Despite significant advancements research, many remain challenging measure accurately investigate thoroughly. Hence, new research techniques detection methods should be developed rigorously tested. Therefore, developing perspective on is crucial, will likely offer insights into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying may reveal novel targets for therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

---

Methylome–proteome integration after late‐life voluntary exercise training reveals regulation and target information for improved skeletal muscle health

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 603(1), P. 211 - 237

Published: July 26, 2024

Exercise is a potent stimulus for combatting skeletal muscle ageing. To study the effects of exercise on in preclinical setting, we developed combined endurance-resistance training mice called progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR). PoWeR improves molecular, biochemical, cellular and functional characteristics promotes aspects partial epigenetic reprogramming when performed late life (22-24 months age). In this investigation, leveraged pan-mammalian DNA methylome arrays tandem mass-spectrometry proteomics to provide detailed information late-life adaptations female relative age-matched sedentary controls (n = 7-10 per group). Differential CpG methylation at conserved promoter sites was related transcriptional regulation genes as well Nr4a3, Hes1 Hox after PoWeR. Using holistic method -omics integration binding expression target analysis (BETA), changes were associated with upregulated proteins global mitochondrial translation (P 0.03). Specifically, BETA implicated control ribosomal, mitoribosomal, complex I protein abundance training. may also influence LACTB, MIB1 UBR4 induction - all are mechanistically linked health. Computational cistrome predicted several transcription factors including MYC regulators trained methylome-proteome landscape, corroborating prior transcriptome data. Correlating proteome mass fatigue resistance revealed positive relationships VPS13A NPL levels, respectively. Our findings expose differential proteomic translational that could function aged mice. KEY POINTS: Late-life from 22-24 age shown improve vivo promote mitigation. Integration 36k using (which contain ageing clock sites) exploratory extends our work reveals coordinated widespread initiation, ribosomal (mitoribosomal) voluntary sizeable cohort group analysis). Multi-omics serine β-lactamase-like (LACTB tumour muscle), mind bomb 1 (MIB1 satellite cell type 2 fibre maintenance) ubiquitin ligase E3 component N-recognin 4 (UBR4 quality control) identified regulator proteome, agreement analyses. Vacuolar sorting 13 homolog A (VPS13A) positively correlated mass, glycoprotein/glycolipid sialylation enzyme N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase (NPL) resistance.

Language: Английский

---

Relationships between endurance exercise training-induced muscle fiber-type shifting and autophagy in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles of mice

Physical Activity and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 23 - 34

Published: June 30, 2024

Endurance exercise induces muscle fiber-type shifting and autophagy; however, the potential role of autophagy in transformation remains unclear. This study examined relationship between soleus (SOL) extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, which are metabolically discrete muscles.

Language: Английский

---

The 24-hour molecular landscape after exercise in humans reveals MYC is sufficient for muscle growth

EMBO Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 31, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Exercise Training Differentially Affects Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria in Rats with Inherited High or Low Exercise Capacity

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 393 - 393

Published: Feb. 24, 2024

Exercise capacity has been related to morbidity and mortality. It consists of an inherited acquired part is dependent on mitochondrial function. We assessed skeletal muscle function in rats with divergent exercise analyzed the effect training. Female high (HCR)- low (LCR)-capacity runners were trained individually adapted high-intensity intervals or kept sedentary. Interfibrillar (IFM) subsarcolemmal (SSM) mitochondria from gastrocnemius isolated functionally (age: 15 weeks). Sedentary HCR presented higher than LCR paralleled by citrate synthase activity IFM respiratory HCR. training increased both LCR, but this was more pronounced LCR. In addition, mass Instead, maximal following HCRs’ only. The results suggest that differences subpopulations are mainly inherited. resulted different adaptations trainability primarily quality while quantity response training, suggesting aerobic differentially affects

Language: Английский

---

Identification of Genomic Predictors of Muscle Fiber Size

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(14), P. 1212 - 1212

Published: July 18, 2024

The greater muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) is associated with skeletal mass and strength, whereas atrophy considered a major feature of sarcopenia. Muscle size polygenic trait influenced by both environmental genetic factors. However, the variants underlying inter-individual differences in remain largely unknown. aim our study was to determine whether 1535 previously identified genome-wide association appendicular lean are CSA fast-twitch fibers (which better predict strength) m. vastus lateralis 148 physically active individuals (19 power-trained 28 endurance-trained females, age 28.0 ± 1.1; 73 males, 31.1 0.8). Fifty-seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were as having an (p < 0.05). Of these 57 SNPs, 31 also handgrip strength UK Biobank cohort (n = 359,729). Furthermore, using East Asian European athletic 731) non-athletic 515) cohorts, we 16 SNPs athlete statuses (sprinter, wrestler, speed-strength athlete) weightlifting performance. All had same direction association, i.e., mass-increasing allele positively fibers, performance, power status. In conclusion, that may, part, contribute predisposition sports.

Language: Английский

---

Mitochondria as Nutritional Targets to Maintain Muscle Health and Physical Function During Ageing

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54(9), P. 2291 - 2309

Published: July 26, 2024

Abstract The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and physical function leads to a independence an increased reliance on health-care. Mitochondria are crucial in the aetiology sarcopenia have been identified as key targets for interventions that can attenuate declines capacity. Exercise training is primary intervention reduces many deleterious effects ageing quality function. However, habitual levels activity decline with age, making it necessary implement adjunct treatments maintain mitochondrial health This review provides overview exercise human mitochondria considers several supplements plausible mechanistic underpinning improve through their interactions mitochondria. Several supplements, including MitoQ, urolithin A, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFAs), combination glycine N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) older individuals variety inter-dependent mechanisms increases biogenesis energetics, decreases reactive oxygen species emission oxidative damage, improvements control. While there evidence some nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors individuals, such outcome seems unrelated independent changes Future research should investigate safety efficacy compounds preclinical models involving mitochondria, mitochondrial-derived peptides uncouplers, view extending health-span.

Language: Английский

---

A Hierarchical Mechanotransduction System: From Macro to Micro

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(11)

Published: Dec. 25, 2023

Mechanotransduction is a strictly regulated process whereby mechanical stimuli, including forces and properties, are sensed translated into biochemical signals. Increasing data demonstrate that mechanotransduction crucial for regulating macroscopic microscopic dynamics functionalities. However, the actions mechanisms of across multiple hierarchies, from molecules, subcellular structures, cells, tissues/organs, to whole-body level, have not been yet comprehensively documented. Herein, biological roles operational macro micro revisited, with focus on orchestrations diverse hierarchies. The implications, applications, challenges in human diseases also summarized discussed. Together, this knowledge hierarchical perspective has potential refresh insights regulation disease pathogenesis therapy, ultimately revolutionize prevention, diagnosis, treatment diseases.

Language: Английский

---

Transcriptome Data Revealed the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA Regulatory Network during the Proliferation and Differentiation of Myoblasts in Shitou Goose

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 576 - 576

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

CircRNA, a recently characterized non-coding RNA (ncRNA) variant, functions as molecular sponge, exerting regulatory control by binding to microRNA (miRNA) and modulating the expression of downstream proteins, either promoting or inhibiting their expression. Among poultry species, geese hold significant importance, prized consumers for delectable taste rich nutritional content. Despite prominence geese, research on growth development goose muscle, particularly role circRNAs in muscle formation, remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we constructed comprehensive profiles messenger RNAs (mRNAs) within myoblasts myotubes Shitou geese. We identified total 96 differentially expressed (DEcircRNAs) 880 mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Notably, parental genes DEcircRNAs DEmRNAs exhibited enrichment Wnt signaling pathway, highlighting its potential impact proliferation differentiation myoblasts. Employing RNAhybrid miRDB, circRNA-miRNA pairs mRNA-miRNA that may play regulating myogenic growth. Subsequently, utilizing Cytoscape, circRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction network aimed at unraveling intricate mechanisms involved development, which comprises 93 circRNAs, 351 miRNAs, 305 mRNAs. Moreover, identification 10 hub (ACTB, ACTN1, BDNF, PDGFRA, MYL1, EFNA5, MYSM1, THBS1, ITGA8, ELN) potentially linked myogenesis, along with exploration circRNA–miRNA–hub gene axis, was also conducted. These competitive endogenous (ceRNA) networks elucidate associated providing deeper insights into reciprocal regulation circRNA, miRNA, mRNA context formation.

Language: Английский

---

The 24-Hour Time Course of Integrated Molecular Responses to Resistance Exercise in Human Skeletal Muscle ImplicatesMYCas a Hypertrophic Regulator That is Sufficient for Growth

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2024

Abstract Molecular control of recovery after exercise in muscle is temporally dynamic. A time course biopsies around resistance (RE) combined with -omics necessary to better comprehend the molecular contributions skeletal adaptation humans. Vastus lateralis before and 30 minutes, 3-, 8-, 24-hours acute RE were collected. time-point matched biopsy-only group was also included. RNA-sequencing defined transcriptome while DNA methylomics computational approaches complemented these data. The post-RE revealed: 1) methylome responses at minutes corresponded upregulated genes 3 hours, 2) a burst translation- transcription-initiation factor-coding transcripts occurred between 8 3) global gene expression peaked 4) ribosome-related dominated mRNA landscape 24 5) methylation-regulated MYC highly influential transcription factor throughout 24-hour played primary role levels hours. influence human strengthened by information from overexpression mouse muscle. To test whether sufficient for hypertrophy, we generated fiber-specific doxycycline inducible model pulsatile induction. Periodic 48-hour pulses over 4 weeks resulted higher mass fiber size soleus adult female mice. Collectively, present resolved resource understanding adaptations reveal as regulator RE-induced hypertrophy.

Language: Английский

---