Probiotics Mechanism of Action on Immune Cells and Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 184 - 184

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with react to each other a stable environment order maintain healthy immune activities. system-microbiota cross-talk relies on complex network of pathways that sustain balance between tolerance immunogenicity. Probiotic bacteria can interact stimulate intestinal microflora modulate specific functions homeostasis. Growing evidence shows probiotic present important health-promoting immunomodulatory properties. Thus, use probiotics might represent promising approach for improving system So far, few studies have been reported beneficial modulatory effect probiotics. However, many others, which are mainly focused their metabolic/nutritional properties, published. Therefore, mechanisms behind interaction host only partially described. The review aims collect summarize most recent scientific results resulting implications how improve functions. Hence, description currently known is provided.

Language: Английский

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Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 19, 2023

Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells has a genetic potential that exceeds of genome, plays crucial role this interplay. microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is bidirectional signalling pathway operates through neural, endocrine, immune, metabolic pathways. One major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress HPA produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol corticosterone rodents. Appropriate concentrations are essential for normal neurodevelopment function, well cognitive processes learning memory, studies have shown microbes modulate throughout life. Stress can significantly impact MGB via other Animal research advanced our understanding these mechanisms pathways, leading paradigm shift conceptual thinking about influence microbiota health disease. Preclinical trials currently underway determine how animal models translate humans. In review article, we summarize current knowledge relationship axis, cognition, provide an overview main findings conclusions broad field.

Language: Английский

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Interkingdom signaling between gastrointestinal hormones and the gut microbiome

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

The interplay between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal hormones plays a pivotal role in health of host development diseases. As vital component intestinal microecosystem, influences synthesis release many through mechanisms such as modulating environment, producing metabolites, impacting mucosal barriers, generating immune inflammatory responses, releasing neurotransmitters. Conversely, exert feedback regulation on by nutrient absorption utilization, bacterial biological behavior composition. distributions are anatomically intertwined, close interactions crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Interventions leveraging have been employed clinical management metabolic diseases bowel diseases, bariatric surgery fecal transplantation, offering promising targets treatment dysbiosis-related

Language: Английский

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What Are the Key Gut Microbiota Involved in Neurological Diseases? A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(22), P. 13665 - 13665

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

There is a growing body of evidence highlighting there are significant changes in the gut microbiota composition and relative abundance various neurological disorders. We performed systematic review different altered wide range disorders (Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke). Fifty-two studies were included representing 5496 patients. At genus level, most frequently involved Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Prevotella. The overlap between pathologies was strongest for MS PD, sharing eight genera (Akkermansia, Butyricicoccus, Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, Dorea, Parabacteroides, Prevotella) PD stroke, six (Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Roseburia). identification signatures overlapping AD, raise question whether these reflect common etiology or rather consequence diseases. interpretation hampered by low number power ALS, stroke with ample opportunity false positive negative findings.

Language: Английский

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The microbiome as a major function of the gastrointestinal tract and its implication in micronutrient metabolism and chronic diseases

Nutrition Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 112, P. 30 - 45

Published: March 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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T helper 17 (Th17) cell responses to the gut microbiota in human diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 114483 - 114483

Published: March 10, 2023

The gut microbiota colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, is an indispensable "invisible organ" that affects multiple aspects of human health. microbial community has been assumed to be important stimulus immune homeostasis and development, increasing data support role microbiota-immunity axis in autoimmune diseases. Host's system requires recognition tools communicate with evolutionary partners. Among these perceptions, T cells enable widest spectrum resolution. Specific direct induction differentiation Th17 intestine. However, detailed links between have not well established. In this review, we describe generation characterization cells. Notably, discuss by their metabolites, as recent advances our understanding interactions addition, provide emerging evidences interventions targeting microbes/Th17

Language: Английский

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Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome by Phytochemicals and Vitamin D

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2627 - 2627

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

In recent years, attention has focused on the roles of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables maintaining improving intestinal environment preventing metabolic syndrome. A high-fat high-sugar diet, lack exercise, excess energy accumulation body can cause syndrome induce obesity, diabetes, disorders circulatory system liver. Therefore, prevention is important. The current review shows that simultaneous intake contained citruses grapes together with vitamin D improves state gut microbiota immunity, related diseases. Phytochemicals include polyphenols such as hesperidin, rutin, naringin; those quercetin, procyanidin, oleanolic acid. these D, along prebiotics probiotics, nurture good microbiota. general, Firmicutes are obese-prone Bacteroidetes lean-prone microbiota; regulatory T cells, which suppress inflammatory responses upregulate immunity. Maintaining suppresses TNF-α, an cytokine also considered to be a pathogenic contributor adipokine, prevents chronic inflammation, thereby helping prevent enhances adiponectin, protector adipokine For reduction various disease risks, will important for human health future.

Language: Английский

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The microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases: a narrative review of the emerging literature

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 16, 2024

Importance Research is beginning to elucidate the sophisticated mechanisms underlying microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface, moving from primarily animal models human studies. Findings support dynamic relationships between gut microbiota as an ecosystem (microbiome) within (host) and its intersection with host immune nervous systems. Adding this effects on epigenetic regulation of gene expression further complicates strengthens response. At heart inflammation, which manifests in a variety pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Observations Generally, research date limited has focused bacteria, likely due simplicity cost-effectiveness 16s rRNA sequencing, despite lower resolution inability determine functional ability/alterations. However, omits all other fungi, viruses, phages, are emerging key members microbiome. Much been done pre-clinical and/or small studies more developed parts world. The observed promising but cannot be considered reliable or generalizable at time. Specifically, causal determined currently. More followed by then little MS. data for MS encouraging this. Conclusions relevance While still nascent, interface may missing link, hampered our progress understanding, let alone preventing, managing, putting into remission diseases. Relationships must first established humans, have shown poorly translate complex physiology environments, especially when investigating microbiome where often overly simplistic. Only can robust conducted humans using mechanistic model

Language: Английский

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The Gut Microbiota Modulates Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Elucidating Crucial Factors and Mechanistic Underpinnings

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neuronal loss, commonly linked to amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation. Recent research highlights the gut microbiota as a key player in modulating neuroinflammation, critical pathological feature of AD. Understanding role this process essential for uncovering new therapeutic avenues gaining deeper insights into AD pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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The Inflammatory Mechanism of Parkinson’s Disease: Gut Microbiota Metabolites Affect the Development of the Disease Through the Gut–Brain Axis

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 159 - 159

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Parkinson's disease is recognized as the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally, with its incidence rate projected to increase alongside ongoing population growth. However, precise etiology of remains elusive. This article explores inflammatory mechanisms linking gut microbiota disease, emphasizing alterations in and their metabolites that influence disease's progression through bidirectional transmission signals along gut-brain axis. Building on this mechanistic framework, further discusses research methodologies treatment strategies focused metabolites, including metabolomics detection techniques, animal model investigations, therapeutic approaches such dietary interventions, probiotic treatments, fecal transplantation. Ultimately, aims elucidate relationship between underlying thereby paving way for novel avenues condition.

Language: Английский

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