Frontiers in Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: June 21, 2023
Tryptophan
(Trp)
is
an
essential
amino
acid
that
can
be
metabolized
via
endogenous
and
exogenous
pathways,
including
the
Kynurenine
Pathway,
5-Hydroxyindole
Pathway
(also
Serotonin
pathway),
Microbial
pathway.
Of
these,
Trp
metabolic
pathways
in
gut
have
recently
been
extensively
studied
for
their
production
of
bioactive
molecules.
The
microbiota
plays
important
role
host
metabolism
immunity,
microbial
metabolites
influence
development
progression
various
diseases,
inflammatory,
cardiovascular
neurological
cancer,
by
mediating
body’s
immunity.
This
review
briefly
outlines
crosstalk
between
microorganisms
body,
starting
from
three
Trp.
mechanisms
which
act
on
organism
immunity
are
summarized,
potential
implications
disease
prevention
treatment
highlighted.
Microbiome,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: March 19, 2024
Abstract
Background
The
host–microbiota
interaction
plays
a
crucial
role
in
maintaining
homeostasis
and
disease
susceptibility,
microbial
tryptophan
metabolites
are
potent
modulators
of
host
physiology.
However,
whether
how
these
mediate
interactions,
particularly
terms
inter-microbial
communication,
remains
unclear.
Results
Here,
we
have
demonstrated
that
indole-3-lactic
acid
(ILA)
is
key
molecule
produced
by
Lactobacillus
protecting
against
intestinal
inflammation
correcting
dysbiosis.
Specifically,
metabolizes
into
ILA,
thereby
augmenting
the
expression
bacterial
enzymes
implicated
metabolism,
leading
to
synthesis
other
indole
derivatives
including
indole-3-propionic
(IPA)
indole-3-acetic
(IAA).
Notably,
IPA,
IAA
possess
ability
mitigate
modulate
gut
microbiota
both
DSS-induced
IL-10
−/−
spontaneous
colitis
models.
ILA
increases
abundance
tryptophan-metabolizing
bacteria
(e.g.,
Clostridium
),
as
well
mRNA
acyl-CoA
dehydrogenase
indolelactate
vivo
vitro,
resulting
an
augmented
production
IPA
IAA.
Furthermore,
mutant
strain
fails
protect
producing
derivatives.
ILA-mediated
cross-feeding
was
microbiota-dependent
specifically
enhanced
under
conditions
dysbiosis
induced
Citrobacter
rodentium
or
DSS,
but
not
disruption
with
antibiotics.
Conclusion
Taken
together,
highlight
mechanisms
which
microbiome-host
crosstalk
cooperatively
control
homoeostasis
through
microbiota-derived
indoles
mediating
communication.
These
findings
may
contribute
development
targeted
“postbiotic”
potential
interventions
for
treatment
prevention
dysbiosis-driven
diseases.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: March 11, 2024
Abstract
Diet,
serving
as
a
vital
source
of
nutrients,
exerts
profound
influence
on
human
health
and
disease
progression.
Recently,
dietary
interventions
have
emerged
promising
adjunctive
treatment
strategies
not
only
for
cancer
but
also
neurodegenerative
diseases,
autoimmune
cardiovascular
metabolic
disorders.
These
demonstrated
substantial
potential
in
modulating
metabolism,
trajectory,
therapeutic
responses.
Metabolic
reprogramming
is
hallmark
malignant
progression,
deeper
understanding
this
phenomenon
tumors
its
effects
immune
regulation
significant
challenge
that
impedes
eradication.
Dietary
intake,
key
environmental
factor,
can
tumor
metabolism.
Emerging
evidence
indicates
might
affect
the
nutrient
availability
tumors,
thereby
increasing
efficacy
treatments.
However,
intricate
interplay
between
pathogenesis
other
diseases
complex.
Despite
encouraging
results,
mechanisms
underlying
diet-based
remain
largely
unexplored,
often
resulting
underutilization
management.
In
review,
we
aim
to
illuminate
various
interventions,
including
calorie
restriction,
fasting-mimicking
diet,
ketogenic
protein
restriction
high-salt
high-fat
high-fiber
aforementioned
diseases.
We
explore
multifaceted
impacts
these
encompassing
their
immunomodulatory
effects,
biological
impacts,
molecular
mechanisms.
This
review
offers
valuable
insights
into
application
therapies
Nature Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(8), P. 1964 - 1978
Published: June 25, 2024
Tryptophan
is
catabolized
by
gut
microorganisms
resulting
in
a
wide
range
of
metabolites
implicated
both
beneficial
and
adverse
host
effects.
How
microbial
tryptophan
metabolism
directed
towards
indole,
associated
with
chronic
kidney
disease,
or
protective
indolelactic
acid
(ILA)
indolepropionic
(IPA)
unclear.
Here
we
used
vitro
culturing
animal
experiments
to
assess
competition
for
the
controlled
three-species
defined
community
complex
undefined
human
faecal
communities.
The
generation
specific
tryptophan-derived
was
not
predominantly
determined
abundance
tryptophan-metabolizing
bacteria,
but
rather
substrate-dependent
regulation
metabolic
pathways.
Indole-producing
Escherichia
coli
ILA-
IPA-producing
Clostridium
sporogenes
competed
within
vivo.
Importantly,
fibre-degrading
Bacteroides
thetaiotaomicron
affected
this
cross-feeding
monosaccharides
E.
coli.
This
inhibited
indole
production
through
catabolite
repression,
thus
making
more
available
C.
sporogenes,
increased
ILA
IPA
production.
fibre-dependent
reduction
confirmed
using
cultures
faecal-microbiota-transplanted
gnotobiotic
mice.
Our
findings
explain
why
consumption
fermentable
fibres
suppresses
promotes
other
health
benefits.
