Simple Behavioral Analysis (SimBA) – an open source toolkit for computer classification of complex social behaviors in experimental animals

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 20, 2020

Abstract Aberrant social behavior is a core feature of many neuropsychiatric disorders, yet the study complex in freely moving rodents relatively infrequently incorporated into preclinical models. This likely contributes to limited translational impact. A major bottleneck for adoption socially complex, ethology-rich, procedures are technical limitations consistently annotating detailed behavioral repertoires rodent behavior. Manual annotation subjective, prone observer drift, and extremely time-intensive. Commercial approaches expensive inferior manual annotation. Open-source alternatives often require significant investments specialized hardware computational programming knowledge. By combining recent advances convolutional neural networks pose-estimation with further machine learning analysis, primed inclusion under umbrella neuroethology. Here we present an open-source package graphical interface workflow (Simple Behavioral Analysis, SimBA) that uses create supervised predictive classifiers behavior, millisecond resolution accuracies can out-perform human observers. SimBA does not video acquisition nor extensive background. Standard descriptive statistical along region interest annotation, provided addition classifier generation. To increase ease-of-use behavioural neuroscientists, designed accessible menus pre-processing videos, training datasets, selecting advanced options, robust validation functions flexible visualizations tools. allows transparency, explainability tunability prior to, during, experimental use. We demonstrate this approach both mice rats by classifying behaviors commonly central brain function motivation. Finally, provide library poseestimation weights resident-intruder rats. All code data, together tutorials documentation, available on GitHub repository . Graphical abstract (GUI) creating (a) Pre-process videos supports common (e.g., cropping, clipping, sampling, format conversion, etc.) be performed either single or as batch. (b) Managing data classification projects Pose-estimation tracking DeepLabCut DeepPoseKit imported created managed within user interface, results projects. also userdrawn region-of-interests (ROIs) statistics animal movements, features (c) Create classifiers, perform classifications, analyze has tools correcting inaccuracies when multiple subjects frame, events from optimizing hyperparameters discrimination thresholds. number checkpoints logs included increased Both summary at end analysis. accepts annotations generated elsewhere (such through JWatcher) (d) Visualize several options visualizing movements ROI analyzing durations frequencies classified behaviors. See comprehensive documentation tutorials.

Language: Английский

---

Addiction is driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect: translational critique of habit and compulsion theory

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45(5), P. 720 - 735

Published: Jan. 6, 2020

Drug addiction may be a goal-directed choice driven by excessive drug value in negative affective states, habit strong stimulus-response associations, or compulsion insensitivity to costs imposed on seeking. Laboratory animal and human evidence for these three theories is evaluated. Excessive goal theory supported dependence severity being associated with greater choice/economic demand. demonstrably (driven the expected of drug) can augmented stress/negative mood induction withdrawal-effects amplified those psychiatric symptoms use coping motives. Furthermore, confer risk dependence, motives mediate this risk. Habit has weaker support. Habitual behaviour seen drug-exposed animals often does not occur complex decision scenarios, where responding rewarded, so unlikely explain most addictive conditions apply. studies have found propensity habitual users as function severity, minority that explained task disengagement producing impaired explicit contingency knowledge. Compulsion also weak The persistence punished seeking better (evinced association economic demand) than costs. provided discount cost severity. These data suggest primarily under affect, less compulsion. Addiction pathological because states powerfully increase acutely outweighing abstinence goals.

Language: Английский

---

Addiction as a brain disease revised: why it still matters, and the need for consilience

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 46(10), P. 1715 - 1723

Published: Feb. 22, 2021

The view that substance addiction is a brain disease, although widely accepted in the neuroscience community, has become subject to acerbic criticism recent years. These criticisms state disease deterministic, fails account for heterogeneity remission and recovery, places too much emphasis on compulsive dimension of addiction, specific neural signature not been identified. We acknowledge some these have merit, but assert foundational premise neurobiological basis fundamentally sound. also emphasize denying harmful standpoint since it contributes reducing access healthcare treatment, consequences which are catastrophic. Here, we therefore address criticisms, doing so provide contemporary update addiction. arguments support this view, discuss why apparently spontaneous does negate it, how seemingly behaviors can co-exist with sensitivity alternative reinforcement Most importantly, argue biological substrate from both capacity behavior change arise, arguing an intensified neuroscientific study recovery. More broadly, propose disagreements reveal need multidisciplinary research integrates neuroscientific, behavioral, clinical, sociocultural perspectives.

Language: Английский

---

Improving translation of animal models of addiction and relapse by reverse translation

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 625 - 643

Published: Oct. 6, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Social vulnerabilities for substance use: Stressors, socially toxic environments, and discrimination and racism

Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 188, P. 108518 - 108518

Published: March 12, 2021

Applying a social determinants of health framework, this review brings attention to evidence from sciences and neuroscience on the role selected factors in individual population-level vulnerability substance use disorders (SUDs). The understanding that SUDs is multifaceted occurs across different levels influence (individual, interpersonal, community, societal) underscored. We propose socially based stressors play critical creating SUDs, as such, deserve greater empirical further understand how they "get under skin." Current knowledge relationships among resulting stressors, exposure toxic childhood environments, racism discrimination are summarized discussed, implications for future research, practice, policy. Specifically, we using top-down approach examination known, yet often unexplored, between related inequities, potential differential effects demographic groups. Finally, research gaps promising areas policy focused ameliorating vulnerabilities associated with lifespan presented. This article part special issue 'Vulnerabilities Substance Abuse'.

Language: Английский

---

Oxytocin Signaling in the Central Amygdala Modulates Emotion Discrimination in Mice

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(12), P. 1938 - 1953.e6

Published: June 1, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Stigma and the Toll of Addiction

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 382(14), P. 1289 - 1290

Published: April 1, 2020

Stigma and the Toll of Addiction Among challenges in delivering appropriate care to millions people United States with substance use disorder is chilling effect stigma. Sti...

Language: Английский

---

Understanding Addiction Using Animal Models

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 29, 2019

Drug addiction is a neuropsychiatric disorder with grave personal consequences that has extraordinary global economic impact. Despite decades of research, the options available to treat are often ineffective because our rudimentary understanding drug-induced pathology in brain circuits and synaptic physiology inhibits rational design successful therapies. This will arise first from animal models were experimentation at level molecular biology possible. We review most common preclinical addictive behavior, discuss advantages disadvantages each. includes non-contingent which animals passively exposed rewarding substances, as well widely used contingent such drug self-administration relapse. For latter, we elaborate on different ways mimicking craving relapse, include using acute stress, administration or exposure cues previously paired self-administration. further describe paradigms where taking challenged by alternative rewards, appetitive foods social interaction. In an attempt better model individual vulnerability abuse characterizes human addiction, field also established behaviors ranked various criteria use presence negative consequences. Separation more vulnerable according these criteria, along other innate predispositions including goal- sign-tracking, sensation-seeking behavior impulsivity, genetic susceptibilities develop relapse vulnerability. examine current behavioral addictions gambling, included DSM-5, exercise, mentioned DSM-5 but not yet due insufficient peer-reviewed evidence. Finally, after reviewing face validity aforementioned models, consider standardized tests pharmaceutical companies assess potential during clinical trials.

Language: Английский

---

An amygdala-to-hypothalamus circuit for social reward

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 831 - 842

Published: April 5, 2021

Language: Английский

---

The social life of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)

eLife, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: April 9, 2020

The Norway rat has important impacts on our life. They are amongst the most used research subjects, resulting in ground-breaking advances. At same time, wild rats live close association with us, leading to various adverse interactions. In face of this relevance, it is surprising how little known about their natural behaviour. While recent laboratory studies revealed complex social skills, behaviour wild. An integration these different scientific approaches crucial understand life, which will enable us design more valid paradigms, develop effective management strategies, and provide better welfare standards. Hence, I first summarise literature Second, an overview developments concerning cognition. Third, illustrate why areas would be beneficial optimise interactions them.

Language: Английский

---