The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. 427 - 436

Published: March 19, 2019

Cannabis use is associated with increased risk of later psychotic disorder but whether it affects incidence the remains unclear. We aimed to identify patterns cannabis strongest effect on odds across Europe and explore differences in such contribute variations rates disorder.

Language: Английский

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The neuropsychopharmacology of cannabis: A review of human imaging studies

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 195, P. 132 - 161

Published: Oct. 20, 2018

The laws governing cannabis are evolving worldwide and associated with changing patterns of use. main psychoactive drug in is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a partial agonist at the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor. Acutely, THC produce range effects on several neurocognitive pharmacological systems. These include executive, emotional, reward memory processing via direct interactions system indirect glutamatergic, GABAergic dopaminergic Cannabidiol, non-intoxicating cannabinoid found some forms cannabis, may offset these acute effects. Heavy repeated use, particularly during adolescence, has been adverse systems, which increase risk mental illnesses including addiction psychosis. Here, we provide comprehensive state art review chronic neuropsychopharmacology by synthesizing available neuroimaging research humans. We describe exposure development, implications for understanding psychosis use disorder, methodological considerations. Greater precise mechanisms underlying also give rise to new treatment targets.

Language: Английский

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Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 103381 - 103381

Published: Aug. 28, 2021

Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) recommendations were previously developed reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed review new scientific develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this basis. Targeted searches literature (since 2016) main outcomes by the user-individual conducted. Topical areas informed previous LRCUG content expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused systematic reviews, supplemented key individual studies. The results evidence-graded, topically organized narratively summarized; through an iterative expert consensus development process. A substantial body cannabis use-related harms identified varying quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters three precautionary statements developed. In general, suggests that individuals can if they delay onset until after adolescence, avoid high-potency (THC) products high-frequency/-intensity use, refrain from smoking-routes administration. While people are particularly vulnerable harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those co-morbidities) advised exercise particular caution risks. Legal/regulated should be used where possible. result in outcomes, mostly higher-risk use. Reducing help offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive approach They require effective audience-tailoring dissemination, regular updating as become available, evaluated impact.

Language: Английский

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Individual and combined effects of acute delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on psychotomimetic symptoms and memory function

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Sept. 5, 2018

Abstract The main active ingredient in cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can acutely induce psychotic symptoms and impair episodic working memory. Another major constituent, cannabidiol (CBD), may attenuate these effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of THC CBD, both alone combination on memory function. A randomised, double-blind crossover design compared (i) placebo, (ii) 8 mg, (iii) CBD 16 mg (iv) + administered by inhalation through a vaporiser. Using an experimental medicine approach predict treatment sensitivity, we selected 48 cannabis users from community basis (1) schizotypal personality questionnaire scores (low, high) (2) frequency use (light, heavy). Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Psychotomimetic States Inventory (PSI), immediate delayed prose recall (episodic memory), 1- 2-back (working memory) were assessed each day. Results indicated that increased overall PSI, negative BPRS, robustly impaired Co-administration did not reduced PSI light only. At ratio 2:1, does acute impairing vaporised THC. Frequent show blunted anti- response which is concern due high rates disorders patients with schizophrenia.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis effects on brain structure, function, and cognition: considerations for medical uses of cannabis and its derivatives

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 45(6), P. 563 - 579

Published: July 31, 2019

Background: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance worldwide, and legalization for recreational medical purposes has substantially increased its availability use in United States.Objectives: Decades of research have suggested that cannabis confers risk cognitive impairment across various domains, structural functional differences brain been linked to early heavy use.Methods: With substantial evidence role endocannabinoid system neural development understanding continues into adulthood, rising adolescents young adults raises major concerns. Yet some formulations cannabinoid compounds are FDA-approved uses, including applications children.Results: Potential effects on trajectory morphology cognition, therefore, should be considered. The goal this review update consolidate relevant findings order inform attitudes public policy regarding compounds.Conclusions: point considerations age limits guidelines use.

Language: Английский

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Heavy cannabis use, dependence and the brain: a clinical perspective

Addiction, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 115(3), P. 559 - 572

Published: Aug. 13, 2019

To summarize and evaluate our knowledge of the relationship between heavy cannabis use, use disorder (CUD) brain.Narrative review relevant literature identified through existing systematic reviews, meta-analyses a PubMed search. Epidemiology, clinical representations, potential causal mechanisms, assessments, treatment prognosis are discussed.Although causality is unclear, dependent consistently associated with high prevalence comorbid psychiatric disorders learning memory impairments that seem to recover after period abstinence. Evidence regarding other cognitive domains neurological consequences, including cerebrovascular events, limited inconsistent. Abstinence only achieved in minority cases; targeted at reduction appears have some success. Potential moderators impact CUD on brain include age onset, heaviness severity, ratio ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol cannabidiol severity disorders.Current evidence long-term effects daily brain-related outcomes suggestive rather than conclusive, but morbidity

Language: Английский

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Changes in cannabis potency and first-time admissions to drug treatment: a 16-year study in the Netherlands

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 48(14), P. 2346 - 2352

Published: Jan. 30, 2018

Abstract Background The number of people entering specialist drug treatment for cannabis problems has increased considerably in recent years. reasons this are unclear, but rising potency could be a contributing factor. Methods Cannabis data were obtained from an ongoing monitoring programme the Netherlands. We analysed concentrations δ -9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) most popular variety domestic herbal sold each retail outlet (2000–2015). Mixed effects linear regression models examined time-dependent associations between THC and first-time admissions to treatment. Candidate time lags 0–10 years, based on normative European data. Results mean (95% CI) 8.62 (7.97–9.27) 20.38 (19.09–21.67) 2000 2004 then decreased 15.31 (14.24–16.38) 2015. First-time (per 100 000 inhabitants) rose 7.08 26.36 2010, 19.82 was positively associated with entry at 0–9 strongest association 5 b = 0.370 (0.317–0.424), p < 0.0001. After adjusting age, sex non-cannabis admissions, these positive attenuated remained statistically significant 5–7 years again 0.082 (0.052–0.111), Conclusions In 16-year observational study, we found changes These biologically plausible, their strength after adjustment suggests that other factors also important.

Language: Английский

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Age-related differences in the impact of cannabis use on the brain and cognition: a systematic review

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 269(1), P. 37 - 58

Published: Jan. 24, 2019

The impact of cannabis on the adolescent compared to adult brain is interest researchers and society alike. From a theoretical perspective, adolescence represents period both risk resilience harms use disorders. aim this systematic review provide critical examination moderating role age relationship between cognition. To end, we reviewed human animal studies that formally tested whether age, or adult, changes exposure cognitive outcomes. While results do not offer conclusive answer novel question, along with inclusion work, has allowed for formation new hypotheses be addressed in future work. First, general executive functioning seems more impaired frequent users users. Second, age-effects may most prominent among very heavy dependent Third, craving inhibitory control decrease as much post-intoxication adolescents adults. Lastly, adolescents' vulnerability reduced learning following persist after sustained abstinence. If these prove correct, it could lead important developments policy prevention efforts.

Language: Английский

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Acute memory and psychotomimetic effects of cannabis and tobacco both ‘joint’ and individually: a placebo-controlled trial

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 47(15), P. 2708 - 2719

Published: May 30, 2017

Cannabis and tobacco have contrasting cognitive effects. Smoking cannabis with is prevalent in many countries although this may well influence mental health outcomes, the possibility has rarely been investigated human experimental psychopharmacological research.The individual interactive effects of were evaluated 24 non-dependent smokers a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 2 (cannabis, placebo) × (tobacco, crossover design. Verbal memory (prose recall), working (WM) performance including maintenance, manipulation attention (N-back), psychotomimetic, subjective cardiovascular measures recorded on each four sessions.Cannabis alone impaired verbal memory. A priori contrasts indicated that offset delayed recall. However, was not supported by linear mixed model analysis. load-dependently WM. By contrast, improved WM across all load levels. The acute psychotomimetic ratings 'stoned' 'dizzy' induced altered tobacco. had independent increasing heart rate interacting diastolic blood pressure.Relative to placebo, Tobacco enhanced WM, independently cannabis. Moreover, we found some preliminary evidence delayed, but immediate, In unaffected co-administration. reducing impairment from cannabis, co-administration perpetuate use despite adverse consequences.

Language: Английский

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Effects of increasing cannabis potency on adolescent health

The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 121 - 128

Published: Dec. 18, 2018

Language: Английский

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