A zwitterionic fused-ring framework as a new platform for heat-resistant energetic materials

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(17), P. 10050 - 10058

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

A zwitterionic fused-ring based energetic material (ZDPT) was prepared. ZDPT has excellent thermal stability ( T d = 347 °C ) and great detonation velocity D 8390 m s −1 ), which endow with potential as a heat-resistant material.

Language: Английский

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Zwitterionic Energetic Materials: Synthesis, Structural Diversity and Energetic Properties

Chemistry - An Asian Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(17)

Published: June 10, 2024

Abstract Zwitterionic compounds are an emergent class of energetic materials and have gained synthetic interest many in the recent years. Due to their better packing efficiencies strong inter/intramolecular electrostatic interactions, they often ensue superior properties than salt analogues. A systematic review from perspective design, synthesis, physicochemical evaluation zwitterionic is presented. Depending on parent ring(s) used for synthesis type moieties bearing positive negative charges, different classes materials, such as primary explosives, secondary heat resistant oxidizers, etc., may result. The some also compared with analogous salts. This will encourage readers explore possibility designing new materials.

Language: Английский

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Single Step Synthesis of gem-Dinitro Methyl-1,2,4-triazole and Its Hydroxylamine Salt: An Alternative to the FOX-7 and Other Benchmark Explosives

Organic Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(22), P. 4788 - 4792

Published: May 29, 2024

gem-Dinitro methyl based high-energy-density material 5-(dinitromethylene)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole (2) and its hydroxylamine salt (4) were synthesized for the first time in a single step characterized. Further, structure of 2 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies. Interestengly, both compounds show excellent density (> 1.83 g cm-3), detonation velocity 8700 m s–1), pressure 30 GPa) are insensitive toward mechanical stimuli such as impact friction sensitivity. Considering their synthetic fesibility balanced energetic performance, 4 future prospects potential next-generation materials replacenent many presently used benchmark high energy RDX, FOX-7 highly H-FOX.

Language: Английский

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Polynitro-functionalized 4-phenyl-1H-pyrazoles as heat-resistant explosives

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(32), P. 6604 - 6616

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This work demonstrates the synthesis, characterization, and energetic properties’ evaluation of polynitro-functionalized 4-phenyl-1 H -pyrazole-based heat-resistant explosives.

Language: Английский

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Synthesis of Advanced Pyrazole and N–N-Bridged Bistriazole-Based Secondary High-Energy Materials

Organic Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(48), P. 8606 - 8610

Published: Nov. 29, 2023

In this work, we have synthesized 3,5-dihydrazinyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (2), 9-nitro-1H-pyrazolo[3,2-c:5,1-c']bis([1,2,4]triazole)-3,6-diamine (3), and N-N-bonded N,N'-{[4,4'-bi(1,2,4-triazole)]-3,3'-diyl}dinitramide (5) its stable nitrogen-rich energetic salts in one two steps quantitative yields from commercially available inexpensive starting material 4,6-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine (1). Along with characterization via nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, elemental analysis, the structures of 2 4-8 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, 5-8 show excellent thermal stability (242, 221, 250, 242 °C, respectively) compared to that RDX (210 °C). Detonation velocities 2, 4, 6, 7 range 8992 9069 m s-1, which are better than (8878 s-1) close HMX (9221 s-1). All these compounds insensitive impact (10-35 J) friction (360 N) sensitivity. These performances, stabilities, synthetic feasibilities make promising candidates as secondary explosives potential replacements for presently used benchmark HMX.

Language: Английский

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Synthesis of energetic salts based on 4-nitro-5-dinitromethyl-1,2,3-1H-triazole

CrystEngComm, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(12), P. 1730 - 1737

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

We have successfully synthesized 4-nitro-5-dinitromethyl-1,2,3-triazole by combining dinitromethyl and nitro groups with 1,2,3-triazole, further prepared several energetic salts higher density good detonation properties.

Language: Английский

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Symmetric Refunctionalization of Diaminodinitropyrazine with Hydrazine and Aminotetrazole: Strategy for Enhancing Detonation Performance and Safety in Energetic Materials

Inorganic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(32), P. 15144 - 15153

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Two novel nitrogen-rich green energetic compounds were synthesized for the first time from readily available and cost-effective pyrazine starting materials. All newly molecules comprehensively characterized, including infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry. have additionally been validated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The physicochemical properties of

Language: Английский

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Trailblazing 3D MOFs Featuring 1,2,4‐Dinitrimino Triazole: Redefining Energetic Materials and Iodine Encapsulation

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Abstract The quest for high‐performance energetic materials defense and aerospace has intensified, focusing on balancing energy output safety. This study presents the synthesis of 3D metal‐organic frameworks (EMOFs) [Na 3 (DNT)(H 2 O)] n ( Na‐MOF ), [K (DNT) (H K‐MOF [Cs (DNT)] Cs‐MOF ) using 1,2,4‐dinitrimino triazole through a hydrothermal process. synthesized EMOFs are characterized infrared spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis differential calorimetry, structures confirmed via single‐crystal revealing with crystal densities 2.15, 2.16, 2.86 g cm −3 , respectively. Among them, exhibits excellent detonation performance (VOD = 8900 m s −1 DP 26.21 GPa), high thermal stability (T d 369 °C), insensitivity to impact friction (IS 40 J, FS 360 N). displays balanced mechanical properties, while though moderate in performance, shows significant potential pyrotechnic applications, producing bright red flame. Intermolecular interactions analyzed Hirshfeld surface, 2D fingerprint, SEM analyses, enhancing understanding particle size morphology. also demonstrates iodine encapsulation capacity, positioning it as replacement traditional like RDX heat‐resistant explosives such HNS, comparability PYX.

Language: Английский

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Research progress on design, synthesis and performance of energetic polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitane derivatives: Towards improved CL-20 analogues

FirePhysChem, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 21 - 33

Published: May 25, 2023

In order to discover of high-energy materials with characteristics that surpass modern benchmarks, it is necessary study the widest range potential structures. The design energetic compounds using high-nitrogen cage scaffolds provides new opportunities. One promising representatives polycyclic multinitragen cages hexaazaisowurtzitane, since most powerful explosive CL-20 based on it. recent years, synthesis analogues has been actively developed. This review presents progress in synthesis, performance and structure-property relationship for polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitanes over past decade.

Language: Английский

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Energetic coordination compounds: self-assembled from the nitrogen-rich energetic C–C bonded pyrazoles and triazoles

Dalton Transactions, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(35), P. 12271 - 12281

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

In energetic materials research, coordination compounds (ECCs) have received much attention due to their high thermal stability and insensitivity mechanical stimuli. The characteristics of ECCs can be modified by combining various metal cations, potent anions, ligands. this study, we synthesized two ligands, 5-(4-nitro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine (NPTA) (Z)-N-(5-(4-nitro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylidene)nitramide (NPTN), from a commercially viable starting material reacted them with nitrate salts 3d metals (e.g., Ni, Co, Zn) obtain six new ECCs, [Ni(NPTA)(H2O)3]2·2NO3 (1), [Co(NPTA)(H2O)3]2·2NO3 (2), [Zn(NPTA)(H2O)3]2·2NO3 (3), [Ni(NPTN)(H2O)3]2 (4), [Co(NPTN)(H2O)3]2 (5), [Zn(NPTN)(H2O)3]2 (6) under ambient conditions. All the newly prepared were characterised through PXRD, IR, SEM, TGA-DSC analysis. Furthermore, single crystal analysis proved that 1-6 are dimeric complexes. Moreover, show excellent density ranges 1.94 2.06 g cm-3 remarkable (216-352 °C), highly insensitive towards impact (>40 J) friction (>360 N), describing potential as performing materials. revealed good enthalpy combustion (-6.3 -9.94 kJ g-1). Additionally, Hirshfeld surface 2D fingerprint used understand close contact atoms within molecules. High densities, stabilities low sensitivities make interesting for further studies applications safe high-energy dense

Language: Английский

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