Wastewater-based surveillance as a tool for public health action: SARS-CoV-2 and beyond

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(1)

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

SUMMARY Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has undergone dramatic advancement in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The power and potential this platform technology were rapidly realized when it became evident that not only did WBS-measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA correlate strongly with COVID-19 clinical within monitored populations but also, fact, functioned as a leading indicator. Teams from across globe innovated novel approaches by which wastewater could be collected diverse sewersheds ranging treatment plants (enabling community-level surveillance) to more granular locations including individual neighborhoods high-risk buildings such long-term care facilities (LTCF). Efficient processes enabled extraction concentration highly dilute matrix. Molecular genomic tools identify, quantify, characterize its various variants adapted programs applied these mixed environmental systems. Novel data-sharing allowed information mobilized made immediately available public health government decision-makers even public, enabling evidence-informed decision-making based on local dynamics. WBS since been recognized tool transformative potential, providing near-real-time cost-effective, objective, comprehensive, inclusive data changing prevalence measured analytes space time populations. However, consequence rapid innovation hundreds teams simultaneously, tremendous heterogeneity currently exists literature. This manuscript provides state-of-the-art review established details current work underway expanding scope other infectious targets.

Language: Английский

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Human viral nucleic acids concentrations in wastewater solids from Central and Coastal California USA

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: June 22, 2023

Abstract We measured concentrations of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), mpox human metapneumovirus, norovirus GII, pepper mild mottle nucleic acids in wastewater solids at twelve treatment plants Central California, USA. Measurements were made daily for up to two years, depending on the plant. using digital droplet (reverse-transcription–) polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) following best practices making environmental molecular biology measurements. These data can be used better understand disease occurrence communities contributing wastewater.

Language: Английский

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More than a Tripledemic: Influenza A Virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, SARS-CoV-2, and Human Metapneumovirus in Wastewater during Winter 2022–2023

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 622 - 627

Published: July 20, 2023

Wastewater monitoring can provide insights into respiratory disease occurrence in communities that contribute to the wastewater system. Using daily measurements of RNA influenza A (IAV), syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV), as well SARS-CoV-2 solids from eight publicly owned treatment works Greater San Francisco Bay Area California between July 2022 early 2023, we identify a "tripledemic" when concentrations IAV, RSV, peaked at approximately same time. HMPV was also widely circulating. We designed novel hydrolysis probe RT-PCR assays for different IAV subtype markers discern dominant circulating H3N2. show data be used onset offset events. This information insight epidemiology timely, localized inform hospital staffing clinical decision making respond viruses. Whereas RSV events were mostly regionally coherent, displayed patterns.

Language: Английский

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The National Wastewater Surveillance System (NWSS): From inception to widespread coverage, 2020–2022, United States

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 924, P. 171566 - 171566

Published: March 9, 2024

Wastewater surveillance is a valuable tool that can be used to track infectious diseases in community. In September 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established National Surveillance System (NWSS) coordinate build nation's capacity detect quantify concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA U.S. wastewater. This first summary NWSS, covering 1, 2020 December 31, 2022. Through partnerships with state, tribal, local, territorial health departments, NWSS became national platform readily expanded adapted meet changing public needs. Beginning 209 sampling sites rapidly >1500 by 2022, ≈47 % population. As >152,000 unique wastewater samples have been collected partners, primarily from treatment plants (WWTPs). WWTPs participating tend larger than average WWTP serve more populated communities. ≈8 nearly 16,000 were NWSS. partners variety methods testing samples; however, progress being made standardize these methods. July 2021, started submitting genome sequencing data October monkeypox virus testing, plans include additional disease targets future. rapid implementation expansion important lessons learned. programs should consider both surge long-term capacities when developing an plan, early standardization facilitate comparisons across sites. has proven flexible sustainable system will continue useful complement case-based guiding action.

Language: Английский

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Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of monkeypox (mpox): Current status and future directions

iScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 106759 - 106759

Published: April 28, 2023

The emergence and rapid spread of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) to non-endemic countries has brought this once obscure pathogen forefront global public health. Given range conditions that cause similar skin lesions, because clinical manifestation may often be atypical in current mpox outbreak, it can challenging diagnose patients based on signs symptoms. With perspective mind, laboratory-based diagnosis assumes a critical role for management, along with implementation countermeasures. Here, we review features reported patients, available laboratory tests diagnosis, discuss principles, advances, advantages, drawbacks each assay. We also highlight diagnostic platforms potential guide ongoing response, particularly those increase capacity low- middle-income countries. outlook evolving research area, hope provide resource community inspire more development alternatives applications future health crises.

Language: Английский

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Monkeypox (Mpox) requires continued surveillance, vaccines, therapeutics and mitigating strategies

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(20), P. 3171 - 3177

Published: April 21, 2023

The widespread outbreak of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) recognized in 2022 poses new challenges for public healthcare systems worldwide. With more than 86,000 people infected, there is concern that MPXV may become endemic outside its original geographical area leading to repeated human spillover infections or continue be spread person-to-person. Fortunately, classical health measures (e.g., isolation, contact tracing and quarantine) vaccination have blunted virus, but cases are continuing reported 28 countries March 2023. We describe here vaccines drugs available prevention treatment infections. However, although their efficacy against (mpox) has been established animal models, little known about current setting. opportunity transmission raises concerns potential evolution expansion beyond risk groups. priorities action clear: 1) data on infected humans must gathered; 2) global collaborations necessary ensure government authorities work with private sector developed low middle income (LMICs) provide availability treatments vaccines, especially historically endemic/enzootic areas; 3) diagnostic surveillance capacity increased identify areas populations where present seed resurgence; 4) those at high severe outcomes immunocompromised, untreated HIV, pregnant women, inflammatory skin conditions) informed infection protected from community MPXV; 5) engagement hardest hit communities a non-stigmatizing way needed increase understanding acceptance measures; 6) repositories clinical samples, including blood, fluids, tissues lesion material researchers. This warning pandemic preparedness plans need additional coordination resources. prepare transmission, resurgence, spillovers MPXV.

Language: Английский

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Adsorption of Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and F+ Bacteriophage MS2 RNA onto Wastewater Solids from Raw Wastewater

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(36), P. 13346 - 13355

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Despite the widespread adoption of wastewater surveillance, more research is needed to understand fate and transport viral genetic markers in wastewater. This information essential for optimizing monitoring strategies interpreting surveillance data. In this study, we examined solid–liquid partitioning behavior four viruses wastewater: SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV), F+ coliphage/MS2. We used two approaches: (1) laboratory experiments using lab-grown (2) distribution endogenous raw Partition were conducted at 4 22 °C. Wastewater samples spiked with varying concentrations each virus, solids liquids separated via centrifugation, RNA quantified reverse-transcription-digital droplet PCR (RT-ddPCR). For experiments, collected from six treatment plants processed without spiking exogenous viruses; measured liquids. both higher solid fraction than liquid by approximately 3–4 orders magnitude. coefficients (KF) ranged 2000–270,000 mL·g–1 across temperature conditions. Distribution (Kd) consistent results experiments. Further how characteristics might influence

Language: Английский

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Human norovirus (HuNoV) GII RNA in wastewater solids at 145 United States wastewater treatment plants: comparison to positivity rates of clinical specimens and modeled estimates of HuNoV GII shedders

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(3), P. 440 - 447

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a leading cause of disease globally, yet actual incidence unknown. HuNoV infections are not reportable in the United States, and surveillance limited to tracking severe illnesses or outbreaks. Wastewater monitoring for has been done previously results indicate it present wastewater influent concentrations associated with communities contributing wastewater. However, work mostly monthly samples liquid at one few treatment plants (WWTPs).

Language: Английский

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Wastewater Detection of Emerging Arbovirus Infections: Case Study of Dengue in the United States

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 9 - 15

Published: Dec. 11, 2023

Climate change and urbanization are increasing the distribution of insect vectors infectious diseases. Dengue virus is an arbovirus that causes nearly 100 million symptomatic infections per year endemic in 124 countries, range its mosquito continues to increase. Surveillance dengue complicated by fact can be asymptomatic, symptoms may not readily recognizable clinicians. Here we show wastewater monitoring used detect RNA yield information about circulation a community. We collected three samples solids week from different treatment plants Miami-Dade County, Florida, where were locally acquired. Using molecular methods, tested for 4 serotypes consistently detected 3 at all did other serotypes. According publicly available data on infections, vast majority caused serotype 3. Wastewater detection possible with as few 4.23 laboratory confirmed cases 1 people based infection data.

Language: Английский

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Wastewater analysis of Mpox virus in a city with low prevalence of Mpox disease: an environmental surveillance study

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28, P. 100639 - 100639

Published: Nov. 24, 2023

Tracking infectious diseases at the community level is challenging due to asymptomatic infections and logistical complexities of mass surveillance. Wastewater surveillance has emerged as a valuable tool for monitoring disease agents including SARS-CoV-2 Mpox virus. However, detecting virus in wastewater particularly its relatively low prevalence community. In this study, we aim characterize three molecular assays tracking from El Paso, Texas, during February March 2023.

Language: Английский

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