Effectiveness of Homologous or Heterologous Covid-19 Boosters in Veterans DOI Open Access
Florian Mayr, Victor B. Talisa, Obaid S. Shaikh

et al.

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 386(14), P. 1375 - 1377

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

Effectiveness of Homologous or Heterologous Covid-19 Boosters in VeteransTo the Editor: Vaccine effectiveness against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) wanes over time, and boosters are now recommended for residents United States starting at age 12 years. 1Clinical trials have shown that receipt a booster does not match primary vaccination (heterologous booster) may result higher neutralizing-antibody response than matching (homologous) booster, particularly after with an adenoviral-vector vaccine. [2]3][4][5] Whether choice affects real-world vaccine is poorly understood.We performed study involving 4,806,026 veterans linked their information to Veterans Affairs Shared Data Resource, database was created pandemic contains on all confirmed laboratory diagnosis severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.We two analysis cohorts based each veteran received (adenoviralvector messenger RNA [mRNA]) compare heterologous homologous boosters.(Details regarding participants provided Supplementary Appendix, available full text this letter NEJM.org.)For participant who had we identified matched control booster.Matching age, sex, race, Charlson Comorbidity Index, geographic location, type, week administration, interval between booster.We calculated adjusted rate ratios used robust error estimates de-* were same as vaccine, different from vaccine.SARS-CoV-2 denotes 2. † The ratio compared those booster.

Language: Английский

Durability of BNT162b2 vaccine against hospital and emergency department admissions due to the omicron and delta variants in a large health system in the USA: a test-negative case–control study DOI
Sara Y. Tartof, Jeff Slezak, Laura Puzniak

et al.

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 689 - 699

Published: April 22, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

134
T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 DOI
Alessandro Sette, John Sidney, Shane Crotty

et al.

Annual Review of Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 343 - 373

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses roles T cells SARS-CoV-2 infection following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces multi-epitope CD4 CD8 cell responses with polyfunctionality. Early have been associated mild COVID-19 outcomes. In concert animal model data, these results suggest that while antibody are key to prevent infection, may also play valuable reducing disease severity controlling infection. memory after is sustained for at least six months. While neutralizing impacted by variants, most preserved. This review highlights extensive progress made, data knowledge gaps remain, our understanding vaccines.

Language: Английский

Citations

122
Two-Dose Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Effectiveness With Mixed Schedules and Extended Dosing Intervals: Test-Negative Design Studies From British Columbia and Quebec, Canada DOI Creative Commons
Danuta M. Skowronski, Yossi Febriani, Manale Ouakki

et al.

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 75(11), P. 1980 - 1992

Published: April 14, 2022

The Canadian coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunization strategy deferred second doses and allowed mixed schedules. We compared 2-dose vaccine effectiveness (VE) by type (mRNA and/or ChAdOx1), interval between doses, time since dose in 2 of Canada's larger provinces.

Language: Английский

Citations

120
Antibodies from primary humoral responses modulate the recruitment of naive B cells during secondary responses DOI Creative Commons

Jeroen M. J. Tas,

Jahyun Koo, Ying‐Cing Lin

et al.

Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(10), P. 1856 - 1871.e6

Published: Aug. 4, 2022

Vaccines generate high-affinity antibodies by recruiting antigen-specific B cells to germinal centers (GCs), but the mechanisms governing recruitment GCs on secondary challenges remain unclear. Here, using preclinical SARS-CoV and HIV mouse models, we demonstrated that elicited during primary humoral responses shaped naive cell exposures. The from could either enhance or, conversely, restrict GC participation of cells: broad-binding, low-affinity, low-titer enhanced recruitment, whereas, contrast, high titers high-affinity, mono-epitope-specific attenuated cognate recruitment. Thus, directionality intensity effect was determined antibody concentration, affinity, epitope specificity. Circulating can, therefore, be important determinants antigen immunogenicity. Future vaccines may need overcome-or could, alternatively, leverage-the effects circulating subsequent

Language: Английский

Citations

103
SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised individuals DOI Creative Commons
Susan DeWolf, Justin Laracy, Miguel‐Angel Perales

et al.

Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(10), P. 1779 - 1798

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

92
Boosting with variant-matched or historical mRNA vaccines protects against Omicron infection in mice DOI Creative Commons

Baoling Ying,

Suzanne M. Scheaffer, Bradley Whitener

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(9), P. 1572 - 1587.e11

Published: March 28, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

89
Animal models for COVID-19: advances, gaps and perspectives DOI Creative Commons
Changfa Fan, Yong Wu,

Rui Xiong

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: July 7, 2022

Abstract COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is the most consequential pandemic of this century. Since outbreak in late 2019, animal models have been playing crucial roles aiding rapid development vaccines/drugs for prevention and therapy, as well understanding pathogenesis SARS-CoV-2 infection immune responses hosts. However, current some deficits there an urgent need novel to evaluate virulence variants concerns (VOC), antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), various comorbidities COVID-19. This review summarizes clinical features COVID-19 different populations, characteristics major including those naturally susceptible animals, such non-human primates, Syrian hamster, ferret, minks, poultry, livestock, mouse sensitized genetically modified, AAV/adenoviral transduced, mouse-adapted strain engraftment human tissues or cells. host receptors proteases essential designing advanced modified models, successful studies on are also reviewed. Several improved alternatives future proposed, reselection alternative receptor genes multiple gene combinations, use transgenic knock-in method, strains establishing next generation mice.

Language: Английский

Citations

81
An update on COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 variants, antiviral drugs, and vaccines DOI Creative Commons
V. Edwin Hillary, Stanislaus Antony Ceasar

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. e13952 - e13952

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious and pathogenic virus that first appeared in late December 2019. This SARS-CoV-2 causes an infection of disease called "coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) declared this outbreak great pandemic on March 11, 2020. As January 31, 2023, recorded more than 67 million cases over 6 deaths. Recently, novel mutated variants SARS-CoV are also creating serious health concern worldwide, the future variant still mysterious. increasing daily, scientists trying to combat using numerous antiviral drugs vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. To our knowledge, comprehensive review summarized dynamic nature transmission, (a interest), utilized at glance. Hopefully, will enable researcher gain knowledge vaccines, which pave way identify efficient forthcoming strains.

Language: Английский

Citations

78
Vaccine protection against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in macaques DOI Creative Commons
Abishek Chandrashekar, Jingyou Yu, Katherine McMahan

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(9), P. 1549 - 1555.e11

Published: March 17, 2022

The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, including in highly vaccinated populations, has raised important questions about efficacy current vaccines. In this study, we show that mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine and adenovirus-vector-based Ad26.COV2.S provide robust protection against high-dose challenge with variant cynomolgus macaques. We 30 macaques homologous heterologous prime-boost regimens Ad26.COV2.S. Following challenge, demonstrated control virus bronchoalveolar lavage, most animals also controlled nasal swabs. However, 4 had moderate Omicron-neutralizing antibody titers undetectable CD8+ T cell responses failed to upper respiratory tract. Moreover, virologic correlated both responses. These data suggest humoral cellular immune contribute a mutated variant.

Language: Английский

Citations

73
Effectiveness of mRNA vaccine boosters against infection with the SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) variant in Spain: a nationwide cohort study DOI
Susana Monge, Ayelén Rojas‐Benedicto,

Carmen Olmedo

et al.

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(9), P. 1313 - 1320

Published: June 2, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

73