EBioMedicine,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
72, P. 103629 - 103629
Published: Oct. 1, 2021
The
COVID-19
pandemic
caused
by
the
Severe
Acute
Respiratory
Syndrome
Coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2)
poses
an
unprecedented
challenge
to
humanity.
SARS-CoV-2
infections
range
from
asymptomatic
severe
courses
of
with
acute
respiratory
distress
syndrome
(ARDS),
multiorgan
involvement
and
death.
Risk
factors
for
disease
severity
include
older
age,
male
sex,
increased
BMI
pre-existing
comorbidities.
Ethnicity
is
also
relevant
susceptibility
severity.
Host
genetic
predisposition
now
increasingly
recognized
whole
genome
candidate
gene
association
studies
regarding
have
been
performed.
Several
common
rare
variants
in
genes
related
inflammation
or
immune
responses
identified.
We
summarize
research
on
host
genetics
compile
associated
discuss
that
should
be
investigated
further
understand
such
associations
provide
insights
pathogenesis,
risk
classification,
therapy
response,
precision
medicine,
drug
repurposing.
New England Journal of Medicine,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
384(16), P. 1491 - 1502
Published: Feb. 25, 2021
The
efficacy
of
interleukin-6
receptor
antagonists
in
critically
ill
patients
with
coronavirus
disease
2019
(Covid-19)
is
unclear.We
evaluated
tocilizumab
and
sarilumab
an
ongoing
international,
multifactorial,
adaptive
platform
trial.
Adult
Covid-19,
within
24
hours
after
starting
organ
support
the
intensive
care
unit
(ICU),
were
randomly
assigned
to
receive
(8
mg
per
kilogram
body
weight),
(400
mg),
or
standard
(control).
primary
outcome
was
respiratory
cardiovascular
support-free
days,
on
ordinal
scale
combining
in-hospital
death
(assigned
a
value
-1)
days
free
day
21.
trial
uses
Bayesian
statistical
model
predefined
criteria
for
superiority,
efficacy,
equivalence,
futility.
An
odds
ratio
greater
than
1
represented
improved
survival,
more
both.Both
met
efficacy.
At
that
time,
353
had
been
tocilizumab,
48
sarilumab,
402
control.
median
number
10
(interquartile
range,
-1
16)
group,
11
0
15)
control
group.
adjusted
cumulative
ratios
1.64
(95%
credible
interval,
1.25
2.14)
1.76
1.17
2.91)
as
compared
control,
yielding
posterior
probabilities
superiority
99.9%
99.5%,
respectively.
analysis
90-day
survival
showed
pooled
antagonist
groups,
hazard
comparison
group
1.61
2.08)
probability
99.9%.
All
secondary
analyses
supported
these
antagonists.In
Covid-19
receiving
ICUs,
treatment
outcomes,
including
survival.
(REMAP-CAP
ClinicalTrials.gov
number,
NCT02735707.).
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: July 7, 2021
Abstract
The
Coronavirus
Disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic
has
become
a
global
crisis
and
is
more
devastating
than
any
other
previous
infectious
disease.
It
affected
significant
proportion
of
the
population
both
physically
mentally,
destroyed
businesses
societies.
Current
evidence
suggested
that
immunopathology
may
be
responsible
for
COVID-19
pathogenesis,
including
lymphopenia,
neutrophilia,
dysregulation
monocytes
macrophages,
reduced
or
delayed
type
I
interferon
(IFN-I)
response,
antibody-dependent
enhancement,
especially,
cytokine
storm
(CS).
CS
characterized
by
hyperproduction
an
array
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
closely
associated
with
poor
prognosis.
These
excessively
secreted
initiate
different
inflammatory
signaling
pathways
via
their
receptors
on
immune
tissue
cells,
resulting
in
complicated
medical
symptoms
fever,
capillary
leak
syndrome,
disseminated
intravascular
coagulation,
acute
respiratory
distress
multiorgan
failure,
ultimately
leading
to
death
most
severe
cases.
Therefore,
it
clinically
important
understand
initiation
develop
effective
treatment
strategies
COVID-19.
Herein,
we
discuss
latest
developments
immunopathological
characteristics
focus
current
research
status
involved.
We
also
induction,
function,
downstream
signaling,
existing
potential
interventions
targeting
these
related
signal
pathways.
believe
comprehensive
understanding
will
help
better
effectively
control
this
disease
diseases.
New England Journal of Medicine,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
385(5), P. 406 - 415
Published: June 16, 2021
BackgroundThe
efficacy
and
safety
of
tofacitinib,
a
Janus
kinase
inhibitor,
in
patients
who
are
hospitalized
with
coronavirus
disease
2019
(Covid-19)
pneumonia
unclear.MethodsWe
randomly
assigned,
1:1
ratio,
adults
Covid-19
to
receive
either
tofacitinib
at
dose
10
mg
or
placebo
twice
daily
for
up
14
days
until
hospital
discharge.
The
primary
outcome
was
the
occurrence
death
respiratory
failure
through
day
28
as
assessed
use
an
eight-level
ordinal
scale
(with
scores
ranging
from
1
8
higher
indicating
worse
condition).
All-cause
mortality
were
also
assessed.Download
PDF
Research
Summary.ResultsA
total
289
underwent
randomization
15
sites
Brazil.
Overall,
89.3%
received
glucocorticoids
during
hospitalization.
cumulative
incidence
18.1%
group
29.0%
(risk
0.63;
95%
confidence
interval
[CI],
0.41
0.97;
P=0.04).
Death
any
cause
occurred
2.8%
5.5%
those
(hazard
0.49;
CI,
0.15
1.63).
proportional
odds
having
score
on
compared
placebo,
0.60
(95%
0.36
1.00)
0.54
0.27
1.06)
28.
Serious
adverse
events
20
(14.1%)
17
(12.0%)
group.ConclusionsAmong
pneumonia,
led
lower
risk
than
placebo.
(Funded
by
Pfizer;
STOP-COVID
ClinicalTrials.gov
number,
NCT04469114.)
Quick
Take
Tofacitinib
Severe
Pneumonia
2m
3s
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: June 19, 2023
T
cells
are
crucial
for
immune
functions
to
maintain
health
and
prevent
disease.
cell
development
occurs
in
a
stepwise
process
the
thymus
mainly
generates
CD4
