From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites

Cell, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 165(6), P. 1332 - 1345

Published: June 1, 2016

Language: Английский

---

Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 189 - 200

Published: March 10, 2016

The formation of SCFA is the result a complex interplay between diet and gut microbiota within lumen environment. discovery receptors, across range cell tissue types for which short chain fatty acids appear to be natural ligands, has led increased interest in as signaling molecules host. represent major carbon flux from through host evidence emerging regulatory role local, intermediary peripheral metabolism. However, lack well-designed controlled human studies hampered our understanding significance metabolic health. This review aims pull together recent findings on metabolism highlight multi-faceted different systems.

Language: Английский

---

Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)-Mediated Gut Epithelial and Immune Regulation and Its Relevance for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 11, 2019

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), collectively known as Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), are caused by a complex interplay between genetic, immunologic, microbial environmental factors. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is increasingly considered to be causatively related IBD strongly affected components Western life style. Bacteria that ferment fibers produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) typically reduced in mucosa feces patients with IBD, compared healthy individuals. SCFAs, such acetate, propionate butyrate, important metabolites maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Several studies have indeed shown fecal SCFAs levels active IBD. an fuel for epithelial cells strengthen barrier function. Recent findings, however, show particular also immunomodulatory functions. Absorption facilitated substrate transporters like MCT1 SMCT1 promote cellular metabolism. Moreover, may signal through cell surface G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), GPR41, GPR43, GPR109A, activate signaling cascades control immune Transgenic mouse models support key role these GPCRs controlling inflammation. Here, we present overview production their effects on specific emphasis relevance discuss therapeutic potential either applied directly or stimulating SCFAs-producing bacteria pre- probiotic approaches.

Language: Английский

---

Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 341 - 352

Published: May 27, 2016

Language: Английский

---

The gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites and colorectal cancer

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 661 - 672

Published: Sept. 8, 2014

Language: Английский

---

The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota–gut–brain communication

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 461 - 478

Published: May 23, 2019

Language: Английский

---

The microbiome and innate immunity

Nature, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 535(7610), P. 65 - 74

Published: July 5, 2016

Language: Английский

---

The healthy human microbiome

Genome Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 27, 2016

Humans are virtually identical in their genetic makeup, yet the small differences our DNA give rise to tremendous phenotypic diversity across human population. By contrast, metagenome of microbiome—the total content microbes inhabiting bodies—is quite a bit more variable, with only third its constituent genes found majority healthy individuals. Understanding this variability “healthy microbiome” has thus been major challenge microbiome research, dating back at least 1960s, continuing through Human Microbiome Project and beyond. Cataloguing necessary sufficient sets features that support health, normal ranges these populations, is an essential first step identifying correcting microbial configurations implicated disease. Toward goal, several population-scale studies have documented both taxonomic compositions functional potentials normally observed microbiomes along possible driving factors such as geography, diet, lifestyle. Here, we review definitions ‘healthy microbiome’ emerged, current understanding diversity, gaps characterization molecular function development ecological therapies be addressed future.

Language: Английский

---

Bifidobacteria and Butyrate-Producing Colon Bacteria: Importance and Strategies for Their Stimulation in the Human Gut

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: June 28, 2016

With the increasing amount of evidence linking certain disorders human body to a disturbed gut microbiota, there is growing interest for compounds that positively influence its composition and activity through diet. Besides consumption probiotics stimulate favorable bacterial communities in gastrointestinal tract, prebiotics such as inulin-type fructans (ITF) arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS) can be consumed increase number bifidobacteria colon. Several functions have been attributed bifidobacteria, encompassing degradation non-digestible carbohydrates, protection against pathogens, production vitamin B, antioxidants, conjugated linoleic acids, stimulation immune system. During life, numbers decrease from up 90 % total colon microbiota vaginally delivered breast-fed infants < 5 adults they even more elderly well patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable syndrome, obesity, allergies, regressive autism. It has suggested bifidogenic effects ITF AXOS are result strain-specific yet complementary carbohydrate mechanisms within cooperating bifidobacterial consortia. Except effect, also shown cause butyrogenic effect colon, i.e., an enhancement butyrate production. Butyrate essential metabolite it preferred energy source epithelial cells, contributes maintenance barrier functions, immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory properties. cross-feeding interactions between butyrate-producing bacteria, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (clostridial cluster IV) Anaerostipes, Eubacterium Roseburia species XIVa). These kinds possibly favor co-existence strains other bacteria

Language: Английский

---

Dysbiosis and the immune system

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 219 - 232

Published: March 6, 2017

Language: Английский

---