Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer in the United States

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 10, 2023

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus with documented bi-directional transmission between people and animals. Transmission of from humans to free-ranging white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) poses unique public health risk due the potential for reservoir establishment where variants may persist evolve. We collected 8,830 respiratory samples across Washington, D.C. 26 states in United States November 2021 April 2022. obtained 391 sequences identified 34 Pango lineages including Alpha, Gamma, Delta, Omicron variants. Evolutionary analyses showed these viruses originated at least 109 independent spillovers humans, which resulted 39 cases subsequent local deer-to-deer three spillover back humans. Viruses repeatedly adapted recurring amino acid substitutions spike other proteins. Overall, our findings suggest that multiple were introduced, became enzootic, co-circulated deer.

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 in animals: susceptibility of animal species, risk for animal and public health, monitoring, prevention and control

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract The epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals is continually evolving. To date, animal species known to transmit are American mink, raccoon dog, cat, ferret, hamster, house mouse, Egyptian fruit bat, deer mouse white-tailed deer. Among farmed animals, mink have the highest likelihood become infected from or further SARS-CoV-2. In EU, 44 outbreaks were reported 2021 farms seven MSs, while only six 2022 two thus representing a decreasing trend. introduction into usually via humans; this can be controlled by systematically testing people entering adequate biosecurity. current most appropriate monitoring approach for outbreak confirmation based on suspicion, dead clinically sick case increased mortality positive farm personnel genomic surveillance virus variants. analysis showed mink-specific clusters with potential spill back human population. companion cats, ferrets hamsters those at risk infection, which likely originates an human, has no very low impact circulation wild (including zoo animals), mostly carnivores, great apes been naturally cases wildlife so far. Proper disposal waste advised reduce risks spill-over wildlife. Furthermore, contact wildlife, especially if dead, should minimised. No specific recommended apart hunter-harvested clinical signs found-dead. Bats monitored as natural host many coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

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Accelerated evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Abstract The zoonotic origin of the COVID-19 pandemic virus highlights need to fill vast gaps in our knowledge SARS-CoV-2 ecology and evolution non-human hosts. Here, we detected that was introduced from humans into white-tailed deer more than 30 times Ohio, USA during November 2021-March 2022. Subsequently, deer-to-deer transmission persisted for 2–8 months, disseminating across hundreds kilometers. Newly developed Bayesian phylogenetic methods quantified how is not only three-times faster compared rate observed but also driven by different mutational biases selection pressures. long-term effect this accelerated evolutionary remains be seen as no critical phenotypic changes were animal models using viruses. Still, has transmitted populations a relatively short duration, risk future may have serious consequences livestock.

Language: Английский

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Widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife communities

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 29, 2024

Pervasive SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans have led to multiple transmission events animals. While has a potential broad wildlife host range, most documented been captive animals and single species, the white-tailed deer. The full extent of exposure among communities factors that influence risk remain unknown. We sampled 23 species for examined effects urbanization human use on seropositivity. Here, we document positive detections RNA six including deer mouse, Virginia opossum, raccoon, groundhog, Eastern cottontail, red bat between May 2022-September 2023 across Washington, D.C., USA. In addition, found sites with high activity had three times higher seroprevalence than low human-use areas. obtained genomic sequences from nine individuals which were assigned seven Pango lineages Omicron variant. close match variants circulating at time suggests least recent human-to-animal events. Our data support widespread areas may serve as points contact cross-species transmission.

Language: Английский

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Zoonosis and zooanthroponosis of emerging respiratory viruses

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Lung infections in Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) are triggered by a variety of respiratory viruses. All human pandemics have been caused the members two major virus families, namely Orthomyxoviridae (influenza A viruses (IAVs); subtypes H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2) Coronaviridae (severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS−CoV−2). These acquired some adaptive changes known intermediate host including domestic birds (IAVs) or unknown (SARS-CoV-2) following transmission from their natural reservoirs (e.g. migratory bats, respectively). Verily, these substitutions facilitated crossing species barriers to infect humans phenomenon that is as zoonosis. Besides, aided variant strain transmit horizontally other contact non-human animal pets wild animals (zooanthroponosis). Herein we discuss main zoonotic reverse-zoonosis events occurred during last influenza A/H1N1 SARS-CoV-2. We also highlight impact interspecies pandemic on evolution possible prophylactic therapeutic interventions. Based information available presented this review article, it important close monitoring viral zoonosis reverse strains within One-Health One-World approach mitigate unforeseen risks, such resistance limited

Language: Английский

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ACE2 and TMPRSS2 distribution in the respiratory tract of different animal species and its correlation with SARS-CoV-2 tissue tropism

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(2)

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

A wide range of animal species show variable susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2; however, host factors associated with varied remain be defined. Here, we examined whether SARS-CoV-2 and virus tropism in different are dependent on the expression distribution receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Viral Evolution, Immune Evasion, and Alternative Durable Therapeutic Strategies

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 697 - 697

Published: April 28, 2024

Since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus has gained dominance worldwide, its continual evolution with unpredictable mutations and patterns revoked all authorized immunotherapeutics. Rapid viral also necessitated several rounds of vaccine updates in order to provide adequate immune protection. It remains imperative understand how evolves into different subvariants causes escape as this could help reevaluate current intervention strategies mostly implemented clinics emergency measures counter pandemic and, importantly, develop new solutions. Here, we a review focusing on major events evolution, including features spike mutation that lead evasion against monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy vaccination, suggest alternative durable options such ACE2-based experimental therapies superior mAbs address unprecedented virus. In addition, type unique virus-trapping molecules can zoonotic SARS coronaviruses, either from unknown animal hosts or established wild-life reservoirs SARS-CoV-2, even seasonal alpha coronavirus NL63 depends human ACE2 for infection.

Language: Английский

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Genomic and transcriptomic characterization of delta SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

iScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(11), P. 108319 - 108319

Published: Oct. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Accelerated evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

While SARS-CoV-2 has sporadically infected a wide range of animal species worldwide1, the virus been repeatedly and frequently detected in white-tailed deer North America2â€"7. The zoonotic origins this pandemic highlight need to fill vast gaps our knowledge ecology evolution non-human hosts. Here, we was introduced from humans into more than 30 times Ohio, USA during November 2021-March 2022. Subsequently, deer-to-deer transmission persisted for 2-8 months, which disseminated across hundreds kilometers. We discovered that alpha delta variants evolved at three-times rate observed humans. Newly developed Bayesian phylogenetic methods quantified how is not only faster but driven by different mutational biases selection pressures. White-tailed are just short-term recipients human viral diversity serve as reservoirs other evolve new directions after going extinct long-term effect accelerated evolutionary remains be seen no critical phenotypic changes were model experiments using viruses isolated deer. Still, have transmitted populations relatively short duration, risk future may serious consequences livestock.

Language: Английский

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Viral infections at the animal–human interface—Learning lessons from the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1397 - 1411

Published: May 8, 2023

Abstract This Lilliput explores the current epidemiological and virological arguments for a zoonotic origin of COVID‐19 pandemic. While role bats, pangolins racoon dogs as viral reservoirs has not yet been proven, spill‐over coronavirus infection from animals into humans at Huanan food market in Wuhan much greater plausibility than alternative hypotheses such laboratory virus escape, deliberate genetic engineering or introduction by cold chain products. highlights dynamic nature animal‐human interface cross‐infections feral white tail deer farmed minks (reverse zoonosis). Surveillance infections is an urgent task since live animal markets are only risks future spill‐overs. Climate change will induce migration which leads to exchanges between species that have met past. Environmental deforestation also increase contact humans. Developing early warning system emerging becomes thus societal necessity human but environmental health (One Health concept). Microbiologists developed tools ranging virome analysis key suspects (bats, wild game animals, bushmeat) exposed wastewater detect known unknown viruses circulating population sentinel studies animal‐exposed patients with fever. Criteria need be assess virulence transmissibility viruses. An costly political lobbying. The accelerating number pandemic potential over last decades should provide public pressure extend preparedness inclusion alert systems.

Language: Английский

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