Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer development and therapy

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 429 - 452

Published: May 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Role of Gut Barrier Dysfunction and Microbiome Dysbiosis in Colorectal Cancer Development

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 15, 2021

Accumulating evidence indicates that breakdown of the+ protective mucosal barrier the gut plays a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Inflammation and oxidative stress colonic epithelium are thought to be involved carcinogenesis integrity may increase exposure colonocytes toxins from milieu, enhancing inflammatory processes release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The aetiological importance microbiome its composition – influenced by consumption processed meats, red meats alcoholic drinks, smoking, physical inactivity, obesity - CRC development is also increasingly being recognized. has diverse roles, such as nutrient metabolism immune modulation. However, microbial encroachment towards promote inflammation even translocation species across lumen. Recent research suggests factors modify above mechanisms, e.g., Western diet, alter microbiota, degrade barrier, expose toxins. it remains unclear how obesity, lifestyle metabolic contribute gut-barrier integrity, leading disturbance, colonocyte damage, potentially This review will discuss interactive roles dysfunction, dysbiosis, endogenous another mechanism development, biomarkers function provide avenues for disease, prevention detection.

Language: Английский

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Extraction, structure, and activity of polysaccharide from Radix astragali

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 113015 - 113015

Published: April 22, 2022

Radix astragali polysaccharide (RAP) is a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide. It an immune promoter and regulator, has antivirus, antitumor, anti-aging, anti-radiation, anti-stress, anti-oxidation other activitys. The extraction, separation, purification, structure, activity modification of RAP were summarized. Some extraction methods had been introduced, the separation purification reviewed, structure highly discussed. Current derivatization was outlined. Through above discussion that yield crude polysaccharides from by enzyme-assisted significantly higher than methods, but each method different effects under certain conditions, efficiency also different. Therefore, it particularly important to optimize with known better for study RAP. In addition, are key factors affecting At same time, there still few studies on derivatiration polysaccharide, researches in this area very important. many pharmacological human body, its practical application needs further study. Finally, structure-activity relationship need be carried out scholars. This review would provide some help various applications

Language: Английский

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Bifidobacterium pseudolongum-generated acetate suppresses non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 79(6), P. 1352 - 1365

Published: July 17, 2023

Recent studies have highlighted the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (NAFLD-HCC). We aimed to identify specific beneficial bacterial species that could be used prophylactically prevent NAFLD-HCC.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-derived tryptophan catabolites mediate the chemopreventive effects of statins on colorectal cancer

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 919 - 933

Published: April 17, 2023

Epidemiological studies have indicated an association between statin use and reduced incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC), work in preclinical models has demonstrated a potential chemopreventive effect. Statins are also associated with dysbiosis the gut microbiome, yet role microbiome protective effect statins CRC is unclear. Here we validated by retrospectively analysing cohort patients who underwent colonoscopies. This was confirmed patient cohorts, found that tumour burden partly due to modulation microbiota. Specifically, commensal Lactobacillus reuteri increased as result microbial tryptophan availability after atorvastatin treatment. Our vivo further revealed L. administration suppressed tumorigenesis via catabolite, indole-3-lactic acid (ILA). ILA exerted anti-tumorigenic effects downregulating IL-17 signalling pathway. metabolite inhibited T helper 17 cell differentiation targeting nuclear receptor, RAR-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt). Together, our study provides insights into anti-cancer mechanism driven suggests interventions or could complement chemoprevention strategies for CRC.

Language: Английский

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Desulfovibrio in the Gut: The Enemy within?

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1772 - 1772

Published: July 7, 2023

Desulfovibrio (DSV) are sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) that ubiquitously present in the environment and as resident commensal within human gastrointestinal tract. Though they minor residents of healthy gut, DSV opportunistic pathobionts may overgrow setting various intestinal extra-intestinal diseases. An increasing number studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between overgrowth (bloom) While relationship bloom disease pathology has not been clearly established, mounting evidence suggests causal role for these development. As most predominant genera SRB this review summarizes current knowledge regarding variety In study, we also discuss mechanisms by which contribute to pathology.

Language: Английский

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The polysaccharides from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. confer anti-diabetic effect by regulating gut microbiota and intestinal barrier

Carbohydrate Polymers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 291, P. 119626 - 119626

Published: May 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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A critical review of Astragalus polysaccharides: From therapeutic mechanisms to pharmaceutics

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 112654 - 112654

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

As the important active ingredients of Astragali Radix (AR), Astragalus polysaccharides (APs) have therapeutic potential for multiple diseases including nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diabetes mellitus, and cancer. A large number cell experiments combined with animal shed light on mechanisms effects APs a variety diseases. However, clinical application is not widespread, except use injected in adjuvant therapy Due to excessive molecular weight, bulky, low solubility negatively charged characteristics, bioavailability which limits their application. With deepening researches pharmaceutics APs, nanocrystals moderate structural modification enormously boost bioavailability, may expand APs. This review summarizes studies pharmacodynamic properties purpose providing experimental data expanding development through expounding pharmaceutical

Language: Английский

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Astragalus mongholicus polysaccharides ameliorate hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation as well as modulate gut microbiota in NAFLD rats

Food & Function, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(13), P. 7287 - 7301

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis are hallmarks of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the leading cause chronic with no therapeutic consensus. The aim present study was to elucidate mechanism effects Astragalus mongholicus polysaccharides (mAPS) on metabolism, in a rat model NAFLD induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Our results showed that mAPS Berberine supplementation reduced HFD-induced increases body weight, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate (AST) homeostasis assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), these changes were accompanied improved histological liver. Moreover, administration resulted lower levels serum triglycerides, total cholesterol low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) but higher high-density (HDL-c) HFD-fed rats. treatment markedly hepatic associated increased expression phosphorylated- adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) decreased sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP-1). Pretreatment or proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, downregulated colonic Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) well nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) upregulated zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) occludin Notably, reshaped intestinal microbiome lowering Firmicutes Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio increasing abundance Proteobacteria Epsilonbacteria. had little effect profile fecal short-chain acids (SCFAs), it significantly G-protein coupled (GPR) 41 43. Therefore, ameliorates accumulation modulating SCFA-GPR signaling pathways. provides new evidence for natural active substance NAFLD.

Language: Английский

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Polysaccharides from Fu brick tea ameliorate obesity by modulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related short chain fatty acid and amino acid metabolism

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 118, P. 109356 - 109356

Published: April 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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