Unveiling the role of functional foods with emphasis on prebiotics and probiotics in human health: A review

Journal of Functional Foods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 119, P. 106337 - 106337

Published: July 6, 2024

Functional foods particularly prebiotics and probiotics have attracted a lot of attention due to their ability alter gut microbiota an impact on number health disease-related factors, in relation human recent years. are that provide benefits beyond simple sustenance. They contain biologically active ingredients offer additional when consumed regular basis as part balanced diet. Prebiotics, which indigestible fibers specifically promote the growth activity beneficial bacteria, probiotics, live microorganisms upon consumption sufficient amount, shown great promise modifying composition function microbiota. The identified review problem involves clarifying precise impacts immune system function, composition, metabolic health, disease prevention. This emphasizes numerous advantages preserving balance microbiota, boosting immunity, enhancing parameters, reducing risk diseases. also insight advances formulation functional mitigating conditions synergy between prebiotics.

Language: Английский

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Bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids as potential regulators of fungal commensalism and pathogenesis

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(11), P. 1106 - 1118

Published: May 9, 2024

The human gastrointestinal microbiome encompasses bacteria, fungi, and viruses forming complex bionetworks which, for organismal health, must be in a state of homeostasis. An important homeostatic mechanism derives from microbial competition, which maintains the relative abundance species healthy balance. Microbes compete nutrients secrete metabolites that inhibit other microbes. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are one such class made by gut bacteria to very high levels. SCFAs metabolised microbes host cells have multiple roles regulating cell physiology. Here, we review mechanisms regulate fungal commensal Candida albicans. We discuss SCFA's ability growth, limit invasive behaviours modulate surface antigens recognised immune cells. underlying these roles: regulation gene expression, metabolism, signalling SCFA-driven post-translational protein modifications acylation, contribute changes acylome dynamics C. albicans with potentially large consequences Given mycobiome is reservoir systemic disease has also been implicated inflammatory bowel disease, understanding bacterial metabolites, as SCFAs, control might provide therapeutic avenues.

Language: Английский

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Critical Review of the Cross-Links Between Dietary Components, the Gut Microbiome, and Depression

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 614 - 614

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

The complex relationship between diet, the gut microbiota, and mental health, particularly depression, has become a focal point of contemporary research. This critical review examines how specific dietary components, such as fiber, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, bioactive compounds, shape microbiome influence microbial metabolism in order to regulate depressive outcomes. These dietary-induced changes microbiota can modulate production metabolites, which play vital roles gut–brain communication. axis facilitates this communication through neural, immune, endocrine pathways. Alterations metabolites central nervous system (CNS) functions by impacting neuroplasticity, inflammatory responses, neurotransmitter levels—all are linked onset course depression. highlights recent findings linking components with beneficial composition reduced symptoms. We also explore challenges individual variability responses interventions long-term sustainability these strategies. underscores necessity for further longitudinal mechanistic studies elucidate precise mechanisms diet interactions be leveraged mitigate paving way personalized nutritional therapies.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of the Neuro–Cancer Connection by Metabolites of Gut Microbiota

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 270 - 270

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

The gut-brain-cancer axis represents a novel and intricate connection between the gut microbiota, neurobiology, cancer progression. Recent advances have accentuated significant role of microbiota metabolites in modulating systemic processes that influence both brain health tumorigenesis. This paper explores emerging concept metabolite-mediated modulation within connection, focusing on key such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan derivatives, secondary bile acids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS). While microbiota's impact immune regulation, neuroinflammation, tumor development is well established, gaps remain grasping how specific contribute to neuro-cancer interactions. We discuss with potential implications for neurobiology cancer, indoles polyamines, which yet be extensively studied. Furthermore, we review preclinical clinical evidence linking dysbiosis, altered metabolite profiles, tumors, showcasing limitations research gaps, particularly human longitudinal studies. Case studies investigating microbiota-based interventions, including dietary changes, fecal transplantation, probiotics, demonstrate promise but also indicate hurdles translating these findings therapies. concludes call standardized multi-omics approaches bi-directional frameworks integrating microbiome, neuroscience, oncology develop personalized therapeutic strategies patients.

Language: Английский

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Steatotic Liver Disease in Younger Adults is Associated With Altered Gut Microbiology

Liver International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45(3)

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is a leading cause of chronic worldwide. As SLD pathogenesis has been linked to gut microbiome alterations, we aimed identify SLD‐associated features early in development by utilising highly characterised cohort community‐dwelling younger adults. Methods Results At age 27 years, 588 participants the Raine Study Generation 2 underwent cross‐sectional assessment. Hepatic steatosis was quantified using validated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric fat fraction (VLFF) equation (HepaFat). Of participants, 488 (83%) were classified as having ‘no SLD’ (VLFF ≤ 3.55%), 76 (12.9%) with ‘mild–moderate’ (VLFF: 3.56%–13.4%) 24 (4.10%) ‘severe’ > 13.4%). Stool profiling identified an association between severe lower microbiota alpha diversity (observed [ p = 0.015], Pielou evenness 0.001] Shannon 0.002]) compared no SLD. Faecal composition differed significantly both mild–moderate ( 0.004) groups 0.001). There significant difference dispersion groups. Reduced relative abundance short‐chain fatty acid producing bacteria, higher levels proinflammatory bacterial taxa, associated q < 0.05). Conclusions adults reduced intestinal microbial pattern taxa depletion that consistent other inflammatory conditions. Our characterisation characteristics provides potential basis for risk identification reduction. Trial Registration The registered Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617001599369)

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress, Gut Microbiota, and Extracellular Vesicles: Interconnected Pathways and Therapeutic Potentials

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 3148 - 3148

Published: March 28, 2025

Oxidative stress (OS) and gut microbiota are crucial factors influencing human health, each playing a significant role in the development progression of chronic diseases. This review provides comprehensive analysis complex interplay between these two factors, focusing on how an imbalance reactive oxygen species (ROS) antioxidants leads to OS, disrupting cellular homeostasis contributing range conditions, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurological cancer. The microbiota, diverse community microorganisms residing gastrointestinal tract, is essential for regulating immune responses, pathways, overall health. Dysbiosis, composition, closely associated with inflammation, dysfunction, various highlights influences influenced by complicating pathophysiology many conditions. Furthermore, emerging evidence has identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) as critical facilitators crosstalk OS microbiota. EVs also play signaling host tissues, modulating processes. function holds promise targeted therapies aimed at restoring microbial balance mitigating OS. Personalized therapeutic approaches, probiotics, antioxidants, fecal transplantation-based strategies, can be used address OS-related diseases improve health outcomes. Nonetheless, further research needed study molecular mechanisms underlying interactions potential innovative interventions offer novel strategies managing enhancing

Language: Английский

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Immune regulation of the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis involved in ischemic stroke

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 519 - 528

Published: July 20, 2023

Abstract Local ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral response are activated. In human body, gut lung regarded as key reactional targets that initiated by ischemic attacks. Mucosal microorganisms play an important role in regulation metabolism affect blood-brain barrier permeability. addition to relationship between organs central areas intestine also interact among each other. Here, we review molecular cellular mechanisms involved pathways inflammation across gut-brain axis lung-brain axis. We found abnormal intestinal flora, microenvironment, infection, chronic diseases, mechanical ventilation can worsen outcome stroke. This introduces influence on lungs after stroke, highlighting bidirectional feedback effect gut, lungs, brain.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Bacterial Translocation in the Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(22), P. 16502 - 16502

Published: Nov. 19, 2023

Cirrhosis is the end result of liver fibrosis in chronic diseases. Studying mechanisms its development and developing measures to slow down regress it based on this knowledge seem be important tasks for medicine. Currently, disorders gut–liver axis have great importance pathogenesis cirrhosis. However, gut dysbiosis, which manifests as increased proportions microbiota Bacilli Proteobacteria that are capable bacterial translocation a decreased proportion Clostridia strengthen intestinal barrier, occurs even at pre-cirrhotic stage disease. This leads translocation, process by those microbes enter blood portal vein then tissue, where they activate Kupffer cells through Toll-like receptor 4. In response, produce profibrogenic cytokines, hepatic stellate cells, stimulating their transformation into myofibroblasts collagen other elements extracellular matrix. Blocking with antibiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, methods could progression fibrosis. was shown number animal models but requires further verification long-term randomized controlled trials humans.

Language: Английский

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The Complicated Relationship of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Oral Microbiome: A Narrative Review

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2749 - 2749

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

The human oral microbiome has emerged as a focal point of research due to its profound implications for health. involvement short-chain fatty acids in composition, health, and chronic inflammation is gaining increasing attention. In this narrative review, the results early vitro, vivo, pilot clinical studies projects are presented order define boundaries new complicated issue. According results, current data disputable ambiguous. When investigating role SCFAs health disease, it crucial distinguish between their local GI effects systemic influences. Locally, part normal microbiota metabolism, but increased formation usually attribute dysbiosis; excess participate development diseases biota gut colonization dysbiosis. On other hand, number have established positive impact on whole, including reduction inflammation, improvement metabolic processes, decrease some types cancer incidence. Thus, complex sophisticated approach with consideration origin localization SCFA function assessment demanded. Therefore, more research, especially needed investigate relationship disease potential prevention treatment.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic effects of short-chain fatty acids from the large intestine on host cells

microLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Adult humans harbor at least as many microbial cells eukaryotic ones. The largest compartment of this diverse population, the gut microbiota, encompasses collection bacteria, archaea, viruses, and organisms that populate gastrointestinal tract, represents a complex dynamic ecosystem has been increasingly implicated in health disease. microbiota carries ∼100-to-150-times more genes than human genome is intimately involved development, homeostasis, Of several metabolites have studied, short-chain fatty acids emerge group molecules shape gene expression types by multiple mechanisms, which include DNA methylation changes, histone post-translational modifications, microRNA-mediated silencing. Butyric acid, one most extensively studied acids, reaches higher concentrations colonic lumen, where it provides source energy for healthy colonocytes, its decrease towards bottom crypts, stem reside. lower butyric acid concentration crypts allows undifferentiated cells, such to progress through cell cycle, pointing importance providing them with protective niche. In cancerous metabolize relatively little mostly rely on glycolysis, preferentially acts deacetylase inhibitor, leading decreased proliferation increased apoptosis. A better understanding interface between epigenetic changes promises unravel detail processes occur physiologically part disease, help develop novel biomarkers, identify new therapeutic modalities.

Language: Английский

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