The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan was the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6609), P. 951 - 959

Published: July 26, 2022

Understanding how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in 2019 is critical to preventing future zoonotic outbreaks before they become the next pandemic. The Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market Wuhan, China, was identified as a likely source of cases early reports, but later this conclusion became controversial. We show here that earliest known COVID-19 from December 2019, including those without reported direct links, were geographically centered on market. report live SARS-CoV-2–susceptible mammals sold at market late and within market, SARS-CoV-2–positive environmental samples spatially associated with vendors selling mammals. Although there insufficient evidence define upstream events, exact circumstances remain obscure, our analyses indicate emergence SARS-CoV-2 occurred through wildlife trade China epicenter

Language: Английский

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Optimising predictive models to prioritise viral discovery in zoonotic reservoirs

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(8), P. e625 - e637

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Despite the global investment in One Health disease surveillance, it remains difficult and costly to identify monitor wildlife reservoirs of novel zoonotic viruses. Statistical models can guide sampling target prioritisation, but predictions from any given model might be highly uncertain; moreover, systematic validation is rare, drivers performance are consequently under-documented. Here, we use bat hosts betacoronaviruses as a case study for data-driven process comparing validating predictive probable reservoir hosts. In early 2020, generated an ensemble eight statistical that predicted host–virus associations developed priority recommendations potential bridge SARS-CoV-2. During time frame more than year, tracked discovery 47 new betacoronaviruses, validated initial predictions, dynamically updated our analytical pipeline. We found ecological trait-based performed well at predicting these hosts, whereas network methods consistently approximately or worse expected random. These findings illustrate importance modelling buffer against mixed-model quality highlight value including host ecology models. Our revised showed improved compared with ensemble, 400 species globally could undetected betacoronavirus show, through validation, machine learning help optimise undiscovered viruses illustrates how such approaches best implemented dynamic prediction, data collection, updating.

Language: Английский

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SARS‐CoV‐2 in animals: susceptibility of animal species, risk for animal and public health, monitoring, prevention and control

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract The epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals is continually evolving. To date, animal species known to transmit are American mink, raccoon dog, cat, ferret, hamster, house mouse, Egyptian fruit bat, deer mouse white-tailed deer. Among farmed animals, mink have the highest likelihood become infected from or further SARS-CoV-2. In EU, 44 outbreaks were reported 2021 farms seven MSs, while only six 2022 two thus representing a decreasing trend. introduction into usually via humans; this can be controlled by systematically testing people entering adequate biosecurity. current most appropriate monitoring approach for outbreak confirmation based on suspicion, dead clinically sick case increased mortality positive farm personnel genomic surveillance virus variants. analysis showed mink-specific clusters with potential spill back human population. companion cats, ferrets hamsters those at risk infection, which likely originates an human, has no very low impact circulation wild (including zoo animals), mostly carnivores, great apes been naturally cases wildlife so far. Proper disposal waste advised reduce risks spill-over wildlife. Furthermore, contact wildlife, especially if dead, should minimised. No specific recommended apart hunter-harvested clinical signs found-dead. Bats monitored as natural host many coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

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Pathogens and planetary change

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Emerging infectious diseases, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic environmental change are interconnected crises with massive social ecological costs. In this Review, we discuss how pathogens parasites responding to global change, the implications for pandemic prevention conservation. Ecological evolutionary principles help explain why both pandemics wildlife die-offs becoming more common; land-use loss often followed by an increase in zoonotic vector-borne diseases; some species, such as bats, host so many emerging pathogens. To prevent next pandemic, scientists should focus on monitoring limiting spread of a handful high-risk viruses, especially at key interfaces farms live-animal markets. But address much broader set disease risks associated Anthropocene, decision-makers will need develop comprehensive strategies that include pathogen surveillance across species ecosystems; conservation-based interventions reduce human–animal contact protect health; health system strengthening; improvements epidemic preparedness response. Scientists can contribute these efforts filling gaps data, expanding evidence base disease–driver relationships interventions. This Review explores relationship between diseases connected changes Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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The science of the host–virus network

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(12), P. 1483 - 1492

Published: Nov. 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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Predicting the zoonotic capacity of mammals to transmit SARS-CoV-2

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 288(1963)

Published: Nov. 17, 2021

Back and forth transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between humans animals will establish wild reservoirs virus that endanger long-term efforts to control COVID-19 in people protect vulnerable animal populations. Better targeting surveillance laboratory experiments validate zoonotic potential requires predicting high-risk host species. A major bottleneck this effort is the few species with available sequences for angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor, a key receptor required viral cell entry. We overcome by combining species' ecological biological traits three-dimensional modelling host-virus protein-protein interactions using machine learning. This approach enables predictions about capacity SARS-CoV-2 greater than 5000 mammals-an order magnitude more previously possible. Our are strongly corroborated vivo studies. The predicted proximity suggest enhanced risk from several common mammals, priority areas geographic overlap these global hotspots. With molecular data only small fraction hosts, linking across scales offers conceptual advance may expand our predictive viruses similarly unknown ranges.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the risk of human‐to‐wildlife pathogen transmission for conservation and public health

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 1534 - 1549

Published: March 22, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to increased concern over transmission of pathogens from humans animals, and its potential threaten conservation public health. To assess this threat, we reviewed published evidence human-to-wildlife events, with a focus on how such events could animal human We identified 97 verified examples, involving wide range pathogens; however, reported hosts were mostly non-human primates or large, long-lived captive animals. Relatively few documented examples resulted in morbidity mortality, very maintenance pathogen new reservoir subsequent "secondary spillover" back into humans. discuss limitations the literature surrounding these phenomena, including strong sampling bias towards human-proximate mammals possibility systematic against reporting parasites wildlife, both which limit our ability risk transmission. outline researchers can collect experimental observational that will expand capacity for assessment

Language: Английский

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Zoonotic and Reverse Zoonotic Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2

Virus Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 302, P. 198473 - 198473

Published: June 9, 2021

Language: Английский

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A synergistic future for AI and ecology

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(38)

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Research in both ecology and AI strives for predictive understanding of complex systems, where nonlinearities arise from multidimensional interactions feedbacks across multiple scales. After a century independent, asynchronous advances computational ecological research, we foresee critical need intentional synergy to meet current societal challenges against the backdrop global change. These include unpredictability systems-level phenomena resilience dynamics on rapidly changing planet. Here, spotlight promise urgency convergence research paradigm between AI. Ecological systems are challenge fully holistically model, even using most prominent technique today: deep neural networks. Moreover, have emergent resilient behaviors that may inspire new, robust architectures methodologies. We share examples how modeling would benefit techniques themselves inspired by they seek model. Both fields each other, albeit indirectly, an evolution toward this convergence. emphasize more purposeful accelerate whilst building currently lacking modern which been shown fail at times because poor generalization different contexts. Persistent epistemic barriers attention disciplines. The implications successful go beyond advancing disciplines or achieving artificial general intelligence-they persisting thriving uncertain future.

Language: Английский

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Widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife communities

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 29, 2024

Pervasive SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans have led to multiple transmission events animals. While has a potential broad wildlife host range, most documented been captive animals and single species, the white-tailed deer. The full extent of exposure among communities factors that influence risk remain unknown. We sampled 23 species for examined effects urbanization human use on seropositivity. Here, we document positive detections RNA six including deer mouse, Virginia opossum, raccoon, groundhog, Eastern cottontail, red bat between May 2022-September 2023 across Washington, D.C., USA. In addition, found sites with high activity had three times higher seroprevalence than low human-use areas. obtained genomic sequences from nine individuals which were assigned seven Pango lineages Omicron variant. close match variants circulating at time suggests least recent human-to-animal events. Our data support widespread areas may serve as points contact cross-species transmission.

Language: Английский

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