Skin, gut, and lung barrier: Physiological interface and target of intervention for preventing and treating allergic diseases

Allergy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 79(6), P. 1485 - 1500

Published: March 4, 2024

The epithelial barriers of the skin, gut, and respiratory tract are critical interfaces between environment host, they orchestrate both homeostatic pathogenic immune responses. mechanisms underlying barrier dysfunction in allergic inflammatory conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, eosinophilic oesophagitis, rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, complex influenced by exposome, microbiome, individual genetics, epigenetics. Here, we review role digestive tract, airways maintaining homeostasis, how influence occurrence progression current treatments target epithelium to improve symptoms these disorders, what unmet needs identification treatment disorders.

Language: Английский

---

Opening the doors of precision medicine: novel tools to assess intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated neoplasia

Gut, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73(10), P. 1749 - 1762

Published: June 8, 2024

Mounting evidence underscores the pivotal role of intestinal barrier and its convoluted network with diet microbiome in pathogenesis inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, bidirectional association liver brain, known as gut-brain axis, plays a crucial developing complications, including extraintestinal manifestations IBD CRC metastasis. Consequently, healing represents therapeutic target these inflammatory-dependent disorders, assessment predicting outcomes, response to therapy manifestations.New advanced technologies are revolutionising our understanding paradigm, enabling accurate aiding unravelling complexity axis. Cutting-edge endoscopic imaging techniques, such ultra-high magnification endocytoscopy probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy, new allowing real-time exploration 'cellular' barrier. Additionally, novel spatial technology platforms, multispectral imaging, upconversion nanoparticles, digital profiling, optical spectroscopy mass cytometry, enable deep comprehensive 'molecular' 'ultrastructural' In this promising landscape, artificial intelligence standardising integrating tools, thereby contributing prediction outcomes.Looking ahead, integrated approach holds promise uncovering targets, breaking ceiling IBD. Novel molecules, dietary interventions modulation strategies aim restore, reinforce, or modulate These advancements have potential for transformative personalised approaches managing

Language: Английский

---

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: April 25, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Mast Cells at the Crossroads of Hypersensitivity Reactions and Neurogenic Inflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 927 - 927

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Although mast cells have long been known, they are not yet fully understood. They traditionally recognized for their role in allergic reactions through the IgE/FcεRI axis, but different groups of surface receptors since characterized, which appear to be involved manifestation peculiar clinical features. In particular, MRGPRX2 has emerged as a crucial receptor degranulating human skin cells. Because cells’ close proximity peripheral nerve endings, it may play key neuroimmune interactions. This paper provides an overview cell contributions hypersensitivity and so-called “pseudoallergic” reactions, well update on neuroinflammatory implications main models airway diseases. cellular characteristics most relevant MC pathophysiology reappraised light recent advancements research. Molecular aspects related degranulation induced by IgE or analyzed compared, along with possible repercussions limitations future therapeutic perspectives.

Language: Английский

---

The epithelial barrier theory and its associated diseases

Allergy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

Abstract The prevalence of many chronic noncommunicable diseases has been steadily rising over the past six decades. During this time, 350,000 new chemical substances have introduced to lives humans. In recent years, epithelial barrier theory came light explaining growing and exacerbations these worldwide. It attributes their onset a functionally impaired triggered by toxicity exposed substances, associated with microbial dysbiosis, immune system activation, inflammation. Diseases encompassed share common features such as an increased after 1960s or 2000s that cannot (solely) be accounted for emergence improved diagnostic methods. Other traits include defects, dysbiosis loss commensals colonization opportunistic pathogens, circulating inflammatory cells cytokines. addition, practically unrelated fulfill criteria started emerge multimorbidities during last Here, we provide comprehensive overview discuss evidence similarities epidemiology, genetic susceptibility, dysfunction, tissue

Language: Английский

---

Lactose Intolerance versus Cow’s Milk Allergy in Infants: A Clinical Dilemma

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 414 - 414

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Due to its very early introduction, cow's milk is one of the first foods that can cause adverse reactions in human beings. Lactose intolerance (LI) and allergy (CMA) are most common milk. While LI due insufficient small intestinal lactase activity and/or a large quantity ingested lactose, CMA an aberrant immune reaction proteins, particularly casein or β-lactoglobulin. However, clinical manifestations CMA, their gastrointestinal signs symptoms, similar, which might lead misdiagnosis delayed diagnosis as well nutritional risks inappropriate dietary interventions unnecessary restriction. Formula-fed infants with should be treated formula reduced no while those containing extensive hydrolyzed protein amino acids. This review therefore written assist clinicians better understand pathophysiologies recognize similarities differences between CMA.

Language: Английский

---

A systematic review of allergen cross-reactivity: Translating basic concepts into clinical relevance

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Global, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 100230 - 100230

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Access to the molecular culprits of allergic reactions allows for leveraging allergology as a new precision medicine approach-one built on interdisciplinary, basic, and clinical knowledge. Molecular relies use allergen molecules

Language: Английский

---

Iron controls the development of airway hyperreactivity by regulating ILC2 metabolism and effector function

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(746)

Published: May 8, 2024

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) rapidly induce a type inflammation in the lungs response to allergens. Here, we focused on role of iron, critical nutritional trace element, ILC2 function and asthma pathogenesis. We found that transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) is up-regulated functional during activation lungs, blocking uptake reduces expansion activation. Iron deprivation reprogrammed metabolism, inducing HIF-1α–driven up-regulation glycolysis inhibition oxidative mitochondrial activity. Consequently, observed vivo iron chelation or induction hypoferremia reduced development airway hyperreactivity experimental models ILC2-driven allergic asthma. Human circulating ILC2s induced TfR1 activation, whereas effector functions. Last, negative relationship between expression cohorts patients with Collectively, our studies define cellular as regulator function.

Language: Английский

---

Dietary management of IgE and non‐IgE‐mediated food allergies in pediatric patients

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Food allergies (FA) consist of both IgE and non‐IgE‐mediated entities, with varying phenotypes overlapping different considerations for each specific disease presentation. In general, all FAs place children at increased risk inadequate nutritional intake negative impacts on their status, as well the quality life entire family. To minimize these untoward effects, a multidisciplinary approach should be taken, including consultation management dietitian trained in presentations FA. Families instructed label reading first line management. During nutrition consultation, age child, growth, status considered. refusal assessed addressed. educated avoidance appropriate substitutions. case cow's milk allergy, suitable specialized formula suggested if infant is not breastfed or breast supply sufficient. Other mammalian avoided careful consideration given before plant‐based used young children. Specific food may differ terms advice provided level required, whether precautionary advisory labels avoided, maternal allergen during breastfeeding advised. The role immunonutrition overall health discussed.

Language: Английский

---

An update on the diagnosis and management of non‐IgE‐mediated food allergies in children

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 36(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract The spectrum of non‐IgE mediated conditions includes well‐defined like Food Protein‐Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES), Eosinophilic Oesophagitis (EoE), Enteropathy, and Allergic Proctocolitis, but also the more controversial food protein‐induced dysmotility disorders gastroesophageal reflux disease (FPGORD) constipation (FPC). Typically, reactions are delayed, with symptom onset from hours to days after exposure a culprit food. diagnosis is mostly clinical, elimination followed by reintroduction primary diagnostic method. Apart EoE, these remains challenging, there need develop specific tests. Acute FPIES presents distinct symptoms, misdiagnosis common due poor recognition. In contrast, some presentations, particularly FPGORD FPC, overlap common, often benign gut–brain interaction, previously known as functional gastrointestinal disorders. This raises concerns about overdiagnosis can lead an unnecessary restrictive diet in infants breastfeeding mothers. A systematic approach support registered dietitian/nutritionist recommended ensure nutritional adequacy, suitable alternatives, promote timely introductions when appropriate, where required well prevent deficiencies feeding difficulties. publication aims provide update on non‐IgE‐mediated allergic intends clinicians practical guidance management each condition. authors acknowledge for further research range areas inform best evidence‐based practice. image

Language: Английский

---