Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An Overview of Biological Factors That May Contribute to Persistent Symptoms

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 23, 2021

The novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of disease 2019 (COVID-19). Across the globe, subset patients who sustain an SARS-CoV-2 infection are developing wide range persistent symptoms that do not resolve over course many months. These being given diagnosis Long COVID or Post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC). It is likely individual with PASC have different underlying biological factors driving their symptoms, none which mutually exclusive. This paper details mechanisms by RNA viruses beyond just be connected to long-term health consequences. also reviews literature on and other virus-initiated chronic syndromes such as post-Ebola myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue (ME/CFS) discuss scenarios for symptom development. Potential contributors include consequences from injury one multiple organs, reservoirs in certain tissues, re-activation neurotrophic pathogens herpesviruses under conditions immune dysregulation, interactions host microbiome/virome communities, clotting/coagulation issues, dysfunctional brainstem/vagus nerve signaling, ongoing activity primed cells, autoimmunity due molecular mimicry between pathogen proteins. individualized nature suggests therapeutic approaches may required best manage care specific diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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Periodontal Inflammation and Systemic Diseases: An Overview

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 27, 2021

Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease of infectious origins that often evolves into chronic condition. Aside from its importance as stomatologic ailment, periodontitis has gained relevance since it been shown can develop systemic condition characterized by unresolved hyper-inflammation, disruption the innate and adaptive immune system, dysbiosis oral, gut other location's microbiota system-wide alterations may cause, coexist or aggravate health issues associated to elevated morbi-mortality. The relationships between infectious, immune, inflammatory, features many related diseases are far being fully understood indeed still debated. However, date, large body evidence on different biological, clinical, policy-enabling sources information, available. aim present work summarize these information contextualize them under inflammation framework set basis an integral vision, useful for basic, therapeutic goals.

Language: Английский

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Periodontal Disease: The Good, The Bad, and The Unknown

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 7, 2021

Periodontal disease is classically characterized by progressive destruction of the soft and hard tissues periodontal complex, mediated an interplay between dysbiotic microbial communities aberrant immune responses within gingival tissues. Putative pathogens are enriched as resident oral microbiota becomes inflammatory evoke tissue destruction, thus inducing unremitting positive feedback loop proteolysis, inflammation, enrichment for pathogens. Keystone sustained inflammation critical to progression. However, recent studies have revealed importance previously unidentified microbes involved in progression, including various viruses, phages bacterial species. Moreover, newly identified immunological genetic mechanisms, well environmental host factors, diet lifestyle, been discerned years further contributory factors periodontitis. These collectively expanded established narrative In line with this, new ideologies related maintaining health treating existing explored, such application probiotics, limit attenuate The role systemic pathologies, autoimmune disorders diabetes, pathogenesis has noted. Recent additionally reciprocated potentiating states at distal sites, Alzheimer’s disease, bowel diseases, cancer, highlighting cavity health. Here we review long-standing knowledge progression while integrating novel research concepts that broadened our understanding disease. Further, delve into innovative hypotheses may evolve address significant gaps foundational

Language: Английский

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Association between periodontal diseases and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and respiratory diseases: Consensus report of the Joint Workshop by the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the European arm of the World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA Europe)

Journal Of Clinical Periodontology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(6), P. 819 - 841

Published: March 20, 2023

Abstract Aim To explore the implications for dentists and family doctors of association between periodontal systemic diseases role in managing non‐communicable (NCDs) promoting healthy lifestyles. Materials Methods The consensus reports previous Focused Workshops on associations periodontitis diabetes (2017) cardiovascular (2019) formed technical reviews to underpin discussions both topics. For with respiratory diseases, a systematic review was specifically commissioned Workshop discussions. Working groups prepared proposals independently, then were discussed approved at plenary meetings. Results Periodontitis is independently associated diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sleep apnea COVID‐19 complications. Dentists should collaborate NCDs, implementing strategies early detection primary care centres or dental settings. Family be informed about their consequences, oral health professionals (OHPs) relevance NCDs risk factors. Conclusions Closer collaboration OHPs important management Pathways case medicine practices developed evaluated.

Language: Английский

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Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis Is Associated With Symptoms Severity and Local Immune/Inflammatory Response in COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 23, 2021

The human oral microbiome (HOM) is the second largest microbial community after gut and can impact onset progression of several localized systemic diseases, including those viral origin, especially for viruses entering body via oropharynx. However, this important aspect has not been clarified new pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19 disease, despite it being one many respiratory having oropharynx as primary site replication. In particular, no data are available about non-bacterial components HOM (fungi, viruses), which instead shown to be crucial other diseases. Consistent with this, study aimed define in patients, evidence any association between its profile clinical disease. Seventy-five rinse samples were analyzed by Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) simultaneously identify bacteria, fungi, viruses. To correlate local virus replication, SARS-CoV-2 amount cavity was quantified digital droplet PCR. Moreover, inflammation secretory immune response also assessed, respectively measuring release pro-inflammatory cytokines (L-6, IL-17, TNFα, GM-CSF) production immunoglobulins A (sIgA). results showed presence dysbiosis patients compared matched controls, significantly decreased alpha-diversity value lower species richness subjects. Notably, correlated symptom severity ( p = 0.006), increased < 0.01). parallel, a mucosal sIgA observed more severely symptomatic 0.02), suggesting that early control infection correct development influenced profile. conclusion, presented here suggest may defining individual susceptibility infection, facilitating or rather, inducing protective IgA response. Although possible determine whether alteration cause effect these parameters considered markers personalized therapy vaccine development.

Language: Английский

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Viruses, periodontitis, and comorbidities

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 89(1), P. 190 - 206

Published: March 4, 2022

Abstract Seminal studies published in the 1990s and 2000s explored connections between periodontal diseases systemic conditions, revealing potential contributions of initiation or worsening conditions. The resulting field medicine led to publication indicating that can influence risk including adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular respiratory diseases, as well Alzheimer disease cancers. In general, these hypothesized bacterial insult and/or associated proinflammatory cascade could contribute pathogenesis diseases. While investigations biological basis conditions generally emphasized bacteriome, it is also biologically plausible, under an analogous hypothesis, other types organisms may have a similar role. Human viruses would be logical “suspects” this role, given their ubiquity oral cavity, association with ability elicit strong inflammatory response, compromise immune responses, synergize bacteria favor more pathogenic microbial consortium. review, current knowledge role connecting examined. We will delve into mechanistic for such highlight importance those relationships management treatment patients.

Language: Английский

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The association between respiratory diseases and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Journal Of Clinical Periodontology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(6), P. 842 - 887

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

To evaluate (1) whether periodontitis has an influence on the prevalence/incidence of respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], asthma, community-acquired pneumonia [CAP], sleep apnoea [OSA] and COVID-19), (2) what is impact periodontal therapy onset or progression diseases.An electronic search was performed Pubmed, Cochrane Library Scopus databases up to October 2021, identify studies answering PECOS PICOS questions.Seventy-five articles were selected. Meta-analyses identified statistically significant associations with COPD (nstudies = 12, odds ratio [OR] 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.16; 1.42], p < .001), OSA (ns 6, OR 1.65, CI [1.21; 2.25], but not for asthma 9, 1.53, [0.82; 2.86], .181). For acute conditions, two found CAP, while COVID-19, need assisted ventilation 2, 6.24, [2.78; 13.99], .001) COVID-related mortality 3, 2.26, [1.36, 3.77], .002). Only four intervention found, showing positive effects treatment COPD, CAP.A association between COVID-19 complications been there a lack studies.

Language: Английский

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The role of the host—Neutrophil biology

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 18, 2023

Abstract Neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) are myeloid cells packed with lysosomal granules (hence also called granulocytes) that contain a formidable antimicrobial arsenal. They terminally differentiated play critical role in acute and chronic inflammation, as well the resolution of inflammation wound healing. Neutrophils express dense array surface receptors for multiple ligands, ranging from integrins to support their egress bone marrow into circulation tissues, cytokine/chemokine drive navigation site infection or tissue damage prime them second stimulus, pattern recognition immunoglobulin facilitate destruction removal infective agents debridement damaged tissues. When afferent neutrophil signals proportionate coordinated they will phagocytose opsonized unopsonized bacteria, activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (respiratory burst) generate reactive oxygen species, which augment proteolytic microbes secured within phagosome. A highly orchestrated process apoptosis follows, forming membrane‐bound substructures removed by macrophages. capable various other forms programmed cell death, such NETosis pyroptotic nonprogrammed death necrosis. In recent years, research has revealed neutrophils far more subtle cell‐cell interactions than previously thought possible. This includes synthesis inflammatory mediators training marrow, where epigenetic metabolic associated returning undergo reverse tissues vasculature back program hyperreactive subset during myelopoiesis hypersensitive reactions microbial aggressors. These characteristics evident subsets/subpopulations, creating broad heterogeneity behavior biological repertoire these seemingly schizophrenic immune cells. Moreover, effector adaptive innate immunity, binding bacteria destroying extracellular intracellular methods. The former creates substantial collateral host damage, less specific T‐cytotoxic cell‐killing mechanisms, conditions peri‐implantitis, plasma dominate infiltrate, rapid appear relentless. Finally, conduits periodontal‐systemic disease connections oxidative act causal link between two only recently been realized. this chapter, we attempt expand on issues, emphasizing contributions European scientists throughout detailed appraisal benefits side effects neutrophilic function.

Language: Английский

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A case‐control study on the association between periodontitis and coronavirus disease (COVID‐19)

Journal of Periodontology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 93(4), P. 584 - 590

Published: Aug. 4, 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and periodontitis share common characteristics, such as an exaggerated inflammatory response. As periodontal diseases were shown to be associated with respiratory diseases, pneumonia, it is quite possible that a relationship may exist between COVID-19. Hence, the aim of present study was determine whether poor oral hygiene are COVID-19.A case-control conducted. Patients who had positive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results for severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection included in case group (n = 79), patients negative control 71). The examination involved recording plaque scores, calculus tooth mobility, gingival bleeding, probing depth, recession, clinical attachment level (CAL).Logistic regression analysis showed significant associations mean scores ≥ 1 (odds ratio (OR), 7.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.83 26.94), gingivitis (OR, 17.65; CI, 5.95 52.37), CAL mm 8.46; 3.47 20.63), 11.75; 3.89 35.49) COVID-19; these findings more prevalent group.Based on above mentioned observations, can concluded there association severity Gingival bleeding dental accumulation also frequent among COVID-19 patients. essential maintain health good important measure prevention management.

Language: Английский

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The clinical association between Periodontitis and COVID-19

Clinical Oral Investigations, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 1361 - 1374

Published: Aug. 27, 2021

The study aimed to clinically assess the association between periodontitis and COVID-19-related outcomes.Data pertaining patient demographics, medical history, blood parameters, periodontal clinical examination aMMP-8 point-of-care diagnostics (both site-level patient-level) was recorded for eighty-two COVID-19-positive patients. outcomes such as COVID-19 pneumonia, death/survival, types of hospital admission need assisted ventilation were also assessed.Males predominantly afflicted with COVID-19, advanced age exhibiting a greater presence periodontitis. Higher severity led 7.45 odds requiring ventilation, 36.52 admission, 14.58 being deceased 4.42 pneumonia. mouthrinse kit slightly more sensitive but less specific than site-specific tests.Based on findings present study, seems be related poorer outcomes. However, within constraints this work, direct causality may not established. Periodontitis, by means skewing systemic condition number comorbidities, eventually influence in an indirect manner.The is first clinically, validated diagnostic methodology, health Assessment status individuals can aid identification risk groups during pandemic along reinforcing maintain oral hygiene seeking care.

Language: Английский

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