Early Adversity and Critical Periods: Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Violating the Expectable Environment

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 43(3), P. 133 - 143

Published: Feb. 12, 2020

Language: Английский

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Early life stress and development: potential mechanisms for adverse outcomes

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Abstract Background Chronic and/or extreme stress in early life, often referred to as adversity, childhood trauma, or life stress, has been associated with a wide range of adverse effects on development. However, while linked negative number neural systems, the specific mechanisms through which influences development and individual differences children’s outcomes are still not well understood. Main text The current paper reviews existing literature neurobiological their ties psychological behavioral Conclusions Early persistent pervasive prefrontal–hypothalamic–amygdala dopaminergic circuits that at least partially mediated by alterations hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function. date, this research primarily utilized methods assessment focus solely event exposures. Incorporating factors influence interpretation stressors, along stressful events, potential provide further insight into contributing neurodevelopmental stress. This can aid elucidating these changes contribute risk for psychopathology health disorders.

Language: Английский

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Conduct disorder

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: June 27, 2019

Language: Английский

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Rethinking Concepts and Categories for Understanding the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Childhood Adversity

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 67 - 93

Published: July 15, 2020

Discovering the processes through which early adverse experiences affect children’s nervous-system development, health, and behavior is critically important for developing effective interventions. However, advances in our understanding of these have been constrained by conceptualizations that rely on categories adversity are overlapping, vague boundaries, lack consistent biological evidence. Here, we discuss central problems link between early-life brain development. We conclude suggesting alternative formulations hold promise advancing knowledge about neurobiological mechanisms affects human

Language: Английский

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Why and how does early adversity influence development? Toward an integrated model of dimensions of environmental experience

Development and Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(2), P. 447 - 471

Published: March 14, 2022

Abstract Two extant frameworks – the harshness-unpredictability model and threat-deprivation attempt to explain which dimensions of adversity have distinct influences on development. These models address, respectively, why, based a history natural selection, development operates way it does across range environmental contexts, how neural mechanisms that underlie plasticity learning in response experiences influence brain Building these frameworks, we advance an integrated experience, focusing threat-based forms harshness, deprivation-based unpredictability. This makes clear why are inextricable and, together, essential understanding environment matter. Core integrative concepts include directedness learning, multiple levels developmental adaptation environment, tradeoffs between adaptive maladaptive responses adversity. The proposes proximal distal cues as well unpredictability those cues, calibrate both immediate rearing environments broader ecological current future. We highlight actionable directions for research needed investigate experience.

Language: Английский

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The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in PTSD: Pathophysiology and treatment interventions

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 89, P. 361 - 379

Published: Oct. 17, 2018

Language: Английский

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Early life stress and brain function: Activity and connectivity associated with processing emotion and reward

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 116493 - 116493

Published: Dec. 27, 2019

Investigating the developmental sequelae of early life stress has provided researchers opportunity to examine adaptive responses extreme environments. A large body work established mechanisms by which stressful experiences childhood poverty, maltreatment, and institutional care can impact brain distributed systems body. These are reviewed briefly lay foundation upon current neuroimaging literature been built. More recently, cognitive neuroscientists have identified a number effects adversity, including differential behavior function. Among most consistent these findings differences in processing emotion reward-related information. The neural correlates processing, particularly frontolimbic functional connectivity, well studied samples with results indicating accelerated maturation following adversity. Reward received less attention, but here evidence suggests deficit reward sensitivity. It is as yet unknown whether emotion-regulation circuits comes at cost delayed development other systems, notably system. This review addresses that investigated identifying important next steps study function

Language: Английский

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The interparental relationship: Meta-analytic associations with children’s maladjustment and responses to interparental conflict.

Psychological Bulletin, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 146(7), P. 553 - 594

Published: May 21, 2020

The aim of the current meta-analysis was to aggregate concurrent and longitudinal empirical research on associations between interparental relationship both children's maladjustment (i.e., externalizing internalizing symptoms) responses conflict emotional, behavioral, cognitive, physiological). Based major theoretical frameworks, we distinguished six dimensions relationship: quality, frequency, hostile, disengaged, unconstructive forms conflict, child-related conflict. A final selection 169 studies for child 61 were included. findings revealed by expansive fine-grained approach this support challenge hypotheses about relative predictive value functioning. Although hostility specifically more strongly associated with behavior emotional disengaged posed similar risks other domains In addition, warrant attention in as these functioning different Moreover, most endured over time. Also, developmental gender differences appeared depend specific domain sum, results growing consensus that prevention intervention programs aimed at mental health could benefit from an alternative or additional focus relationship. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Language: Английский

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Research review: A meta‐analysis of the international prevalence and comorbidity of mental disorders in children between 1 and 7 years

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 62(4), P. 372 - 381

Published: May 20, 2020

Children younger than 7 years can develop mental disorders that might manifest differently in older children or adolescents. However, little is known about the prevalence of at this early age.We systematically searched literature databases Web Science, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, MEDLINE, and Embase to identify epidemiological studies community samples published between 2006 2020. A series meta-analyses was conducted estimate pooled worldwide general, specific disorders, comorbidity young children.A total ten reporting data on N = 18,282 (12-83 months old) from eight countries met inclusion criteria. The general 20.1%, 95% CI [15.7, 25.4]. Most common were oppositional defiant disorder (4.9%, [2.5, 9.5]) attention-deficit hyperactivity (4.3%, 7.2]). any anxiety 8.5%, [5.2, 13.5], depressive 1.1%, [0.8, 1.6]. Comorbidity estimated 6.4%, [1.3, 54.0].The search reveals epidemiology still a neglected area research. findings also indicate there are significant number suffering who need appropriate age-adapted treatment.

Language: Английский

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The complex neurobiology of resilient functioning after childhood maltreatment

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Feb. 13, 2020

Abstract Background Childhood maltreatment has been associated with significant impairment in social, emotional and behavioural functioning later life. Nevertheless, some individuals who have experienced childhood function better than expected given their circumstances. Main body Here, we provide an integrated understanding of the complex, interrelated mechanisms that facilitate such individual resilient after maltreatment. We aim to show is not facilitated by any single ‘resilience biomarker’. Rather, a product complex processes influences across multiple levels, ranging from ‘bottom-up’ polygenetic influences, ‘top-down’ supportive social influences. highlight nature suggest how future studies could embrace complexity theory approach investigate levels biological organisation temporal dynamics longitudinal or prospective manner. This would involve using methods tools allow characterisation trajectories, attractor states multidimensional/multilevel assessments functioning. Such necessitates large, on neurobiological cut integrate explanation (i.e. genetics, endocrine immune systems, brain structure function, cognition environmental factors) interconnections. Conclusion conclude turn towards likely foster collaboration integration fields. It promising avenue which may guide aimed promote resilience those

Language: Английский

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