Unraveling the skin; a comprehensive review of atopic dermatitis, current understanding, and approaches

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 4, 2024

Atopic dermatitis, also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by red pruritic lesions, xerosis, ichthyosis, and pain. Among the social impacts of dermatitis are difficulties detachment in relationships stigmatization. Additionally, to cause sleep disturbance, anxiety, hyperactivity, depression. Although pathological process behind not fully known, it appears be combination epidermal barrier dysfunction immune dysregulation. Skin largest organ human body which acts mechanical toxins UV light natural against water loss. Both functions face significant challenges due dermatitis. The list factors that can potentially trigger or contribute extensive, ranging from genetic factors, family history, dietary choices, triggers, environmental factors. Consequently, prevention, early clinical diagnosis, effective treatment may only resolutions combat this burdensome disease. Ensuring safe targeted drug delivery layers, without reaching systemic circulation promising option raised nano-delivery systems dermatology. In review, we explored current understanding approaches outlined range most recent therapeutics dosage forms brought nanotechnology. This review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect databases.

Language: Английский

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Atopic dermatitis

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 405(10478), P. 583 - 596

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Challenges and Future Trends in Atopic Dermatitis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(14), P. 11380 - 11380

Published: July 12, 2023

Atopic dermatitis represents a complex and multidimensional interaction that potential fields of preventive therapeutic management. In addition to the treatment armamentarium available for atopic dermatitis, novel drugs targeting significant molecular pathways in biologics small molecules are also being developed given condition’s pathophysiology. While most patients expecting better efficacy long-term control, response these would still depend on numerous factors such as genotype, diverse environmental triggers microbiome-derived signals, and, importantly, dynamic immune responses. This review article highlights challenges recently pharmacological agents based pathogenesis this condition, creating specific approach toward more personalized medicine.

Language: Английский

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Etrasimod: First Approval

Drugs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 84(2), P. 247 - 254

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Systemic Immunomodulatory Treatments for Atopic Dermatitis

JAMA Dermatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 160(9), P. 936 - 936

Published: July 17, 2024

Importance There are multiple approved systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis. Lebrikizumab is a newly licensed biologic medication that has been compared to placebo in clinical trials but not other treatments. Objective To compare reported measures of efficacy and safety lebrikizumab dermatitis living systematic review network meta-analysis. Data Sources The Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, the Latin American Caribbean Health Science Information database, Global Resource Eczema Trials trial registries were searched from inception through November 3, 2023. Study Selection Randomized evaluating 8 or more weeks treatment with immunomodulatory medications moderate severe Titles, abstracts, full texts screened duplicate. Extraction Synthesis abstracted duplicate random-effects bayesian meta-analyses performed. Minimal important differences used define between medications. Certainty evidence was assessed using GRADE approach (Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development Evaluation). updated analysis completed December 13, 2023, February 20, 2024. Main Outcome Measures Efficacy outcomes Area Severity Index (EASI), Patient Oriented Measure (POEM) Dermatology Life Quality (DLQI), Peak Pruritus Numeric Rating Scales (PP-NRS) mean difference (MD) 95% credible intervals (CrI). Safety serious adverse events withdrawal due events. Other included proportion participants 50%, 75%, 90% improvement EASI (EASI-50, -75, -90) success on Investigator Assessment odds ratios CrI. Results study sample 97 eligible trials, total 24 679 patients. associated no change (MD, −2.0; CrI, −4.5 0.3; certainty), POEM −1.1; CrI −2.5 0.2; DLQI −0.2; −2.1 1.6; PP-NRS 0.1; −0.4, 0.6; high certainty) dupilumab among adults who treated up 16 weeks. Dupilumab higher binary lebrikizumab. relative similar found by previous updates this study, high-dose upadacitinib abrocitinib demonstrating numerically highest efficacy. For outcomes, low event rates limited useful comparisons. Conclusions Relevance In meta-analysis, similarly effective short-term adults. Clinicians patients can use these comparative data inform decisions.

Language: Английский

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Atopic dermatitis: a comprehensive updated review of this intriguing disease with futuristic insights

Inflammopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and safety of etrasimod in alopecia areata: A multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, Phase 2 study

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2025

Abstract Background Etrasimod, an oral, selective sphingosine 1‐phosphate 1, 4 and 5 receptor modulator approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, has been studied in immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases, including alopecia areata (AA). Objectives To evaluate efficacy safety etrasimod adults with moderate to severe AA. Methods This Phase 2, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial included patients (aged ≥18 years) AA, defined as a Severity Alopecia Tool (SALT) score ≥25. Patients were sequentially enrolled into two cohorts. Cohort 1 (SALT ≥50) randomized 2:1 2 mg or placebo. ≥25 <95) 4:1:2 3 mg, completed 24‐week double‐blind 28‐week open‐label extension period. The primary endpoint was percent change from baseline (%CFB) SALT at Week 24. Safety monitored throughout trial. Results Eighty ( n = 31), 25) placebo 24). At 24, least squares mean (SE) changes groups −13.8 (8.6), −21.4 (6.9) 0.35 (8.9), respectively. difference (95% CI; P value) %CFB versus −14.1 (−38.9 10.6; p 0.2579) − 21.8 (−44.4 0.9; 0.0592), respectively; statistical superiority not achieved. proportions achieving ≥30%, ≥50% ≥75% improvement 24 generally numerically higher Treatment‐emergent adverse events occurred 67.7%, 80.0% 78.3% receiving placebo, respectively, by Conclusions Etrasimod did meet secondary endpoints, but than clinical programme AA discontinued. well tolerated, its profile consistent other studies date. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT04556734.

Language: Английский

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The Future of Atopic Dermatitis Treatment

Advances in experimental medicine and biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 227 - 244

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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1-Phosphate receptor agonists: A promising therapeutic avenue for ischemia-reperfusion injury management

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 131, P. 111835 - 111835

Published: March 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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A year in pharmacology: new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2023

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 397(5), P. 2949 - 2970

Published: March 26, 2024

Abstract With 54 new drugs and seven cellular gene therapy products, the approvals by US Food Drug Administration (FDA) recovered 2023 from 2022 dent back to levels of 2020–2021. As in previous years this annual review, we assign these one three innovation: first drug against a condition (“first-in-indication”), using novel molecular mechanism (“first-in-class”), “next-in-class,” i.e., an already exploited mechanism. We identify four (7%) “first-in-indication,” 22 (36%) “first-in-class,” 35 (57%) “next-in-class” drugs. By treatment area, rare diseases (54%) cancer (23%) were once again most prevalent (and partly overlapping) therapeutic areas. Other continuing trends use accelerated regulatory approval pathways reliance on biopharmaceuticals (biologics). marks based CRISPR/Cas9 editing.

Language: Английский

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