Calcium‐Dependent Signaling in Astrocytes: Downstream Mechanisms and Implications for Cognition

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 169(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Astrocytes are glial cells recognized for their diverse roles in regulating brain circuit structure and function. They can sense adapt to changes the microenvironment due unique structural biochemical properties. A key aspect of astrocytic function involves calcium (Ca2+)-dependent signaling, which serves as a fundamental mechanism interactions with neurons other brain. However, while significant progress has been made understanding spatio-temporal properties Ca2+ signals, downstream molecular pathways exact mechanisms through astrocytes decode these signals regulate homeostatic physiological processes remain poorly understood. To address this topic, we review here available literature on sources intracellular Ca2+, well its signaling pathways. We well-studied Ca2+-dependent exocytosis but draw attention additional that less understood are, most likely, highly influential many cellular functions. Finally, how is thought underlie neuron-astrocyte regions involved cognitive processing.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial Ca2+ handling as a cell signaling hub: lessons from astrocyte function

Essays in Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 67(1), P. 63 - 75

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Abstract Astrocytes are a heterogenous population of macroglial cells spread throughout the central nervous system with diverse functions, expression signatures, and intricate morphologies. Their subcellular compartments contain distinct range mitochondria, functional microdomains exhibiting widespread activities, such as controlling local metabolism Ca2+ signaling. is an ion utmost importance, both physiologically pathologically, participates in critical processes, including synaptic plasticity, neuron–astrocyte integration, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial physiology metabolism. The handling formed by uniporter complex (MCUc), which mediates influx, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX), responsible for most efflux, well additional components, permeability transition pore (mtPTP). Over last decades, has been shown to be key brain homeostasis, acting centrally physiopathological processes astrogliosis, astrocyte–neuron activity energy control, neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss current state knowledge regarding molecular composition, highlighting its impact on astrocytic homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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Calcium Ions in the Physiology and Pathology of the Central Nervous System

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 13133 - 13133

Published: Dec. 6, 2024

Calcium ions play a key role in the physiological processes of central nervous system. The intracellular calcium signal, nerve cells, is part neurotransmission mechanism. They are responsible for stabilizing membrane potential and controlling excitability neurons. universal second messenger that participates depolarizing signal transduction contributes to synaptic activity. These take an active mechanisms related memory learning. As result depolarization plasma or stimulation receptors, there extracellular influx into cytosol mobilization these cations inside cell, which increases concentration neurons occurs via receptors voltage-dependent ion channels. channels functioning system, regulating, among others, neuronal neurotransmitter release. Channelopathies groups diseases resulting from mutations genes encoding channel subunits, observed including pathophysiology neurological such as migraine. A disturbed ability maintain appropriate level also neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Huntington's epilepsy. This review focuses on involvement pathological We consider use target pharmacotherapy future.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX) regulates basal and starvation‐induced autophagy through calcium signaling

The FASEB Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(3)

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Mitochondria shape intracellular Ca

Language: Английский

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Olfactory bulb astrocytes link social transmission of stress to cognitive adaptation in male mice

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 18, 2024

Emotions and behavior can be affected by social chemosignals from conspecifics. For instance, olfactory signals stressed individuals induce stress-like physiological synaptic changes in naïve partners. Direct stress also alters cognition, but the impact of socially transmitted on memory processes is currently unknown. Here we show that exposure to produced sufficient impair retrieval unstressed male mice. This requires astrocyte control information bulb mediated mitochondria-associated CB1 receptors (mtCB1). Targeted genetic manipulations, vivo Ca

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial calcium signaling in non-neuronal cells: Implications for Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1870(5), P. 167169 - 167169

Published: April 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial redox state, bioenergetics, and calcium transport in caloric restriction: A metabolic nexus

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 219, P. 195 - 214

Published: April 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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MCU genetically altered mice suggest how mitochondrial Ca2+ regulates metabolism

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(10), P. 918 - 928

Published: April 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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The mitochondria as a potential therapeutic target in cerebral I/R injury

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Among patients with ischemic stroke, the primary treatment goal to reduce acute cerebral injury limit infarct size in timely manner by ensuring effective reperfusion through administration either intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular therapy. However, can induce neuronal death, known as injury, for which therapies are lacking. Accumulating data supports paradigm whereby ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) coupled impaired mitochondrial function, contributing pathogenesis stroke. Herein, we review recent evidence demonstrating heterogeneous response following I/R placing specific focus on protein modifications, reactive oxygen species, calcium (Ca2+), inflammation, quality control under experimental conditions using animal models.

Language: Английский

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The neurotoxicity of Paraquat and its degradation products on drosophila melanogaster

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 12, 2025

Photodegradation is a promising technique for remediating contaminated environmental matrices. It demonstrates significant potential in transforming organic contaminants into carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic anions through degradation reactions that involve transient oxidizing species, mainly hydroxyl radicals generated by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. In this study, we investigated whether the photodegradation of Paraquat (PQ) with UV irradiation reduced its toxicity Drosophila melanogaster. Our results indicate ingesting PQ products larvae resulted low axial ratio (pupal volume). adults, it markedly diminished climbing ability time-dependent manner after 10 days feeding. addition, exposure D. melanogaster to acetylcholinesterase citrate synthase activities but improved oxidative stress, as evidenced protein carbonyl, lactate production. These suggest produced fragments higher than PQ, while precise mechanism action requires further investigation.

Language: Английский

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