Childhood maltreatment influences adult brain structure through its effects on immune, metabolic, and psychosocial factors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(16)

Published: April 9, 2024

Childhood maltreatment (CM) leads to a lifelong susceptibility mental ill-health which might be reflected by its effects on adult brain structure, perhaps indirectly mediated metabolic, immune, and psychosocial systems. Indexing these systemic factors via body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), rates of trauma (AT), respectively, we tested three hypotheses: (H1) CM has direct or indirect trauma, BMI, CRP; (H2) CRP are all independently related structure; (H3) childhood structure in parallel CRP, AT. Using path analysis data from

Language: Английский

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Annual Research Review: Neuroimmune network model of depression: a developmental perspective

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 65(4), P. 538 - 567

Published: March 1, 2024

Depression is a serious public health problem, and adolescence an ‘age of risk’ for the onset Major Depressive Disorder. Recently, we others have proposed neuroimmune network models that highlight bidirectional communication between brain immune system in both mental physical health, including depression. These draw on research indicating cellular actors (particularly monocytes) signaling molecules cytokines) orchestrate inflammation periphery can directly modulate structure function brain. In brain, inflammatory activity heightens sensitivity to threats cortico‐amygdala circuit, lowers rewards cortico‐striatal alters executive control emotion regulation prefrontal cortex. When dysregulated, particularly under conditions chronic stress, generate feelings dysphoria, distress, anhedonia. This initiate unhealthy, self‐medicating behaviors (e.g. substance use, poor diet) manage which further heighten inflammation. Over time, dysregulation these circuits response may compound each other form positive feedback loop, whereby one organ exacerbates other. We suggest this dynamic joint vulnerability depression, during adolescence. three goals present paper. First, extend developmental framework risk depression Second, examine how perspective help explain high rates comorbidity psychiatric disorders across development, multimorbidity stress‐related medical illnesses. Finally, consider identifying pathways facilitate ‘next generation’ behavioral biological interventions target treat, ideally prevent, youth adolescents.

Language: Английский

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<p>Models and theories of health behavior and clinical interventions in aging: a contemporary, integrative approach</p>

Clinical Interventions in Aging, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: Volume 14, P. 1007 - 1019

Published: May 1, 2019

Background: Historically, influential models and theories of health behavior employed in aging research view human as determined by conscious processes that involve intentional motives beliefs. We examine the evolution, strengths, weaknesses this approach; then offer a contemporary definition mind, provide support for it, discuss implications it has design behavioral interventions on aging. Methods: A narrative review was conducted. Results: Traditionally, used to either predict or change behaviors have not viewed mind encompassing embodied relational nor they given adequate attention multi-level, in-the-moment determinants behavior. Discussion: Future theory would benefit from broader integrative model The effects adverse life experience changes biological systems with chronic disease warrant increased attention. Keywords: behavior, models, theories, interventions,

Language: Английский

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The COVID-19 Pandemic: Does Our Early Life Environment, Life Trajectory and Socioeconomic Status Determine Disease Susceptibility and Severity?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(14), P. 5094 - 5094

Published: July 19, 2020

A poor socioeconomic environment and social adversity are fundamental determinants of human life span, well-being health. Previous influenza pandemics showed that factors may determine both disease detection rates overall outcomes, preliminary data from the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic suggests this is still true. Over past years it has become clear early-life (ELA) plays a critical role biasing immune system towards pro-inflammatory senescent phenotype many later. Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) appear to be particularly sensitive early environment. As we understand more about response SARS-CoV-2 appears functional CTL (CD8+) required infection COVID-19 severity increased as CD8+ becomes somehow diminished or exhausted. This raises hypothesis ELA-induced play in determining clinical course COVID-19, convergence senescence induced exhaustion represents worst-case scenario with least effective T-cell response. If correct collected, possible separate elements have made people vulnerable will, naturally, then help us identify those most at risk developing severest forms COVID-19. In order do this, need recognize genuine medically clinically relevant urgently collected. Finally, biological samples been collected studies. The mechanisms linking defined later-life starting elucidated, perhaps hold key understanding inequalities differences

Language: Английский

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Neurobiological mechanisms of early life adversity, blunted stress reactivity and risk for addiction

Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 188, P. 108519 - 108519

Published: March 11, 2021

Language: Английский

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Social vulnerabilities as risk factor of childhood obesity development and their role in prevention programs

International Journal of Obesity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 1 - 11

Published: Oct. 8, 2020

Language: Английский

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The Roadmap for Resilience: The California Surgeon General's Report on Adverse Childhood Experiences, Toxic Stress, and Health

Published: Dec. 9, 2020

In one of my first acts as Governor, I established the role California Surgeon General.Among all myriad challenges facing our administration on day, addressing persistent to health and welfare people state-especially that youngest Californians-was an essential priority.We led with overwhelming scientific consensus upstream factors, including toxic stress social determinants health, are root causes many most harmful challenges, from heart disease homelessness.An issue so critical 40 million Californians deserved nothing less than a world-renowned expert advocate.Appointed in 2019 be firstever General, Dr. Nadine Burke Harris brought groundbreaking research expertise childhood trauma adversity State's efforts.In this new role, set three key priorities -early childhood, equity Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) -and is working across give voice science evidence-based practices foundational success work state.The Office General has already strong programs, first-in-the-nation ACEs Aware initiative, partnership Department Health Care Services (DHCS), taking systematic science-based approach by training healthcare providers screen for children adults.We have also matched resolve funding.Through Initiative Advance Precision Medicine, we invested $9 demonstration projects address impacts using precision medicine approaches.California leading way public crisis because it one.This preventive measure improve societal outcomes state's residents generations come.As collectively face unprecedented confluence challenges-the COVID-19 pandemic, ensuing economic recession, ongoing national reckoning racial injustice, devastating wildfires exacerbated climate change-our state communities grateful Harris' leadership respond waves upon us.It responsibility meet moment.This report provides roadmap systemic equitable forward, based cross-sector partnerships.We must listen advised evidence clearly tells us cumulative adversity, particularly when experienced early life, cause some detrimental, longest lasting costly nation.This highlights how stress, if unaddressed, will cost over trillion dollars next 10 years due costs direct care life lost poor disability or death.It clear me implementing type evidence-based, responses necessary decrease burden not only ethical moral imperative, but vitality.This General's Report offers insights policymakers, scientists, providers, educators, advocates, advances solutions approaches better safety Golden now future.Furthermore, exceptional blueprint can truly stage well-being countless here elsewhere nation world.

Language: Английский

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Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 2937 - 2937

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

Converging evidence from both animal and human studies have implicated hedonic eating as a driver of binge obesity. The construct food addiction has been used to capture pathological across clinical non-clinical populations. There is an ongoing debate regarding the value “diagnosis” among those with disorders such anorexia nervosa binge/purge-type, bulimia nervosa, disorder. Much research in disorder populations failed account for dietary restraint, which can increase addiction-like behaviors may even lead false positives. Some argued that concept does more harm than good by encouraging restrictive approaches eating. Others shown better understanding model reduce stigma associated What lacking literature description comprehensive approach assessment addiction. This should include consideration presence symptoms other psychiatric (substance use, posttraumatic stress, depressive, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity) guide treatments including nutrition interventions. purpose this review help clinicians identify (true positives, or “the signal”) classic pathology negatives, “restraint”) potentially elevate scores (false noise”). Three vignettes are presented, designed aid process, case conceptualization, treatment strategies. summarizes logical steps take contextualize elevated scores, when use validated instruments not practical.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondria and early-life adversity

Mitochondrion, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 57, P. 213 - 221

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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The Stress Phenotyping Framework: A multidisciplinary biobehavioral approach for assessing and therapeutically targeting maladaptive stress physiology

Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: May 6, 2024

Although dysregulated stress biology is becoming increasingly recognized as a key driver of lifelong disparities in chronic disease, we presently have no validated biomarkers toxic physiology; biological, behavioral, or cognitive treatments specifically focused on normalizing processes; and agreed-upon guidelines for treating the clinic evaluating efficacy interventions that seek to reduce improve human functioning. We address these critical issues by (a) systematically describing systems mechanisms are stress; (b) summarizing indicators, biomarkers, instruments assessing response systems; (c) highlighting therapeutic approaches can be used normalize stress-related biopsychosocial also present novel multidisciplinary Stress Phenotyping Framework bring researchers clinicians one step closer realizing goal using precision medicine-based prevent treat stress-associated health problems.

Language: Английский

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