Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 49(S1), P. 3 - 23

Published: Jan. 22, 2019

Polyphenols are characterised structurally by two or more hydroxyl groups attached to one benzene rings, and provide the taste colour characteristics of fruits vegetables. They radical scavengers metal chelators, but due their low concentration in biological fluids vivo antioxidant properties seem be related enhanced endogenous capacity induced via signalling through Nrf2 pathway. also possess anti-inflammatory have been shown enhance vascular function nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. As a consequence, there is rationale for supplementation with fruit-derived polyphenols both exercise performance, since excess reactive oxygen species generation has implicated fatigue development, recovery from muscle damage intensive involvement inflammation oxidative within muscle. Current evidence would suggest that acute ~ 300 mg 1–2 h prior may and/or performance during endurance repeated sprint However, only small number studies performed date, some methodological limitations, research needed confirm these findings. A larger body suggests > 1000 per day 3 days following will The many remaining unanswered questions field polyphenol highlighted this review article.

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in fatigability and recovery relative to the intensity–duration relationship

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 597(23), P. 5577 - 5595

Published: Sept. 17, 2019

Females demonstrate greater fatigue resistance than males during contractions at intensities relative to maximum force. However, previous studies have not accounted for the influence of metabolic thresholds on fatigability. This study is first test whether sex differences in fatigability exist when exercise intensity normalised a threshold: critical derived from assessment intensity-duration relationship intermittent, isometric knee extensor contractions. We show that females occurred higher percentage force compared males. Furthermore, demonstrated above and below this threshold. Our data suggest difference was mediated by lesser deoxygenation extensors exercise. These highlight importance accounting comparing between sexes, whilst emphasising notion male are generalisable female populations.Females less fatigable maximal voluntary contraction (MVC); however, exists prescribed unknown. established relationship, recovery sexes following intermittent intensity. Twenty participants (10 females) completed four extension trials task failure determine curvature constant (W'), followed fatiguing tasks +10% -10% Neuromuscular assessments were baseline 45 min post-exercise. Non-invasive neurostimulation, near-infrared spectroscopy, non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring used elucidate physiological mechanisms responsible differences. MVC (25 ± 3 vs. 21 2% MVC, P = 0.003), with no W' (18,206 6331 18,756 5762 N s, 0.850). Time (62.37 17.25 30.43 12.75 min, < 0.001) trial, contractile function recovered faster post-exercise (P 0.034). During trial experienced dysfunction 0.011). Throughout decreases deoxyhaemoglobin 0.007) an attenuated pressor reflex. even matched propose oxygen availability permits sustain males, explanatory factor

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in fatigability following exercise normalised to the power–duration relationship

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 598(24), P. 5717 - 5737

Published: Sept. 24, 2020

Key points Knee‐extensors demonstrate greater fatigue resistance in females compared to males during single‐limb and whole‐body exercise. For exercise, the intensity–duration relationship is different between sexes, with sustaining a relative intensity of This study established power–duration cycling, then assessed fatigability critical power‐matched exercise within heavy severe domains. When power curvature constant were expressed maximal ramp test power, no sex difference was observed. No time task failure observed either trial. During experienced lesser muscle de‐oxygenation. Following both trials, reductions knee‐extensor contractile function, following less reduction voluntary activation. These data that whilst not females, mechanisms are mediated by sex. Abstract Due morphological differences, locomotor modalities. Whilst sustain single‐limb, isometric than males, limited investigation has been performed Accordingly, this cycling 18 trained participants (eight females). Subsequently, constant‐load at (CP)‐matched intensities domains, via non‐invasive neurostimulation, near‐infrared spectroscopy pulmonary gas exchange Relative CP (72 ± 5 vs . 74 2% P max , = 0.210) (51 11 52 10 J −1 0.733) similar females. Subsequent ( 0.758) 0.645) failures sexes. However, function ≤ 0.020), vastus lateralis oxygenation 0.039) trials. Reductions activation occurred trials < 0.001), but trial 0.036). Furthermore, only, corticospinal excitability reduced cortical 0.020) spinal 0.036) levels, these sex‐dependent. Other lower respiratory ratio for 0.039), variables differed sexes ≥ 0.052). Collectively, CP‐matched above below

Language: Английский

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Potential health benefits of (poly)phenols derived from fruit and 100% fruit juice

Nutrition Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 78(2), P. 145 - 174

Published: May 14, 2019

(Poly)phenol-rich diets have been associated with reduced risk of various diseases. Coffee and tea are typically identified as dietary sources chlorogenic acid flavan-3-ols; however, 100% fruit juice greatly contributes to anthocyanin, flavonol, flavan-3-ols, flavanone intake, making them complementary (poly)phenols. Thus, the aim this narrative review was provide an overview (poly)phenols their potential health benefits. Fruit several benefits (eg, cardiovascular disease neurocognitive benefits). Although perspectives on consumption controversial due perception sugar content, growing evidence supports role in whole forms consumer alignment guidance. However, differences (poly)phenol profiles bioavailability likely exist between processing presence/absence fiber. Ongoing studies better defining similarities elucidate protective mechanisms align products.

Language: Английский

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Nitric oxide, aging and aerobic exercise: Sedentary individuals to Master's athletes

Nitric Oxide, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 125-126, P. 31 - 39

Published: June 12, 2022

Aging is associated with a decline in physiological function and exercise performance. These effects are mediated, at least part, by an age-related decrease the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), ubiquitous gasotransmitter regulator myriad processes. The NO aging especially apparent sedentary individuals, whereas older, physically active individuals maintain higher levels advancing age. Strategies which enhance (including nutritional supplementation) have been proposed as potential means reducing enhancing performance may be interest to range older including those taking part competitive sport. In this brief review we discuss on endurance performance, role changes these We also provide summary current evidence for dietary supplementation substrates production - inorganic nitrate nitrite, l-arginine l-citrulline improving capacity/performance adults. Additionally, (limited) (poly)phenols other antioxidants individuals. Finally, suggestions future research.

Language: Английский

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Potential Factors Influencing the Effects of Anthocyanins on Blood Pressure Regulation in Humans: A Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1431 - 1431

Published: June 25, 2019

Dietary intake of anthocyanins (ACNs) is associated with a reduced risk cardiovascular and coronary heart disease. While the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipid-lowering effects ACN consumption have been consistently reported, their effect(s) on blood pressure regulation less consistent results from human studies are mixed. The objective this review attempting to identify potential patterns which may explain variability in related pressure. To do so, we 66 intervention trials testing purified or ACN-rich extracts, whole berries, berry juices, powders, purees phenolic berries that rich ACNs as predominant bioactives. Several factors appear be involved mixed reported. In particular, baseline characteristics population terms total flavonoid intake, dose duration intervention, differential individual synergistic other phytochemicals, content bioavailability food matrix, differences absorption metabolism genotype microbiota enterotypes.

Language: Английский

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The Efficacy of Administering Fruit-Derived Polyphenols to Improve Health Biomarkers, Exercise Performance and Related Physiological Responses

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2389 - 2389

Published: Oct. 7, 2019

Polyphenols are secondary metabolites involved in a myriad of critical processes plants. Over recent decades, special attention has been paid to the anti-oxidative role fruit-derived polyphenols human diet, with evidence supporting contribution prevention numerous non-communicable disease outcomes. However, due low concentration biological fluids vivo, antioxidant properties seem be related an enhanced endogenous capacity induced via signaling through nuclear respiratory factor 2 pathway. also possess anti-inflammatory and have shown enhance vascular function nitric oxide mediated mechanisms. Consequently, there is rationale support polyphenol supplementation exercise performance, possibly improved muscle perfusion. Fruit-derived studies included variety fruits, e.g., New Zealand blackcurrant, pomegranate, cherry, form extracts (multicomponent or purified), juices infusions varying degrees benefit. For example, research yet link health-related benefits black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) ingestion performance spite purported health associated provision vitro vivo models, which attributed their high content. This review summarizes existing beneficial effect on various outlines potential for improve production, physiological responses before-, during- post-exercise.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the Role of Polyphenols in Sports Performance: From Nutritional Genomics to the Gut Microbiota toward Phytonutritional Epigenomics

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1265 - 1265

Published: April 29, 2020

The individual response to nutrients and non-nutrient molecules can be largely affected by three important biological layers. gut microbiome alter the bioavailability of other substances, genome influence molecule kinetics dynamics, while epigenome modulate or amplify properties genome. Today use omic techniques bioinformatics, allow construction multilayer networks thus identification personalized strategies that have recently been considered in all medical fields, including sports medicine. composition each athlete’s influences performance both directly acting on energy metabolism indirectly through modulation nutrient availability ultimately affects Among polyphenols potentiate physical performances different epigenetic mechanisms. Polyphenols interact with microbiota, undergoing extensive produce bioactive molecules, which act transcription factors involved mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant systems, glucose lipid homeostasis, DNA repair. This review focuses effects considering epigenomic asset, genomic characteristics athletes understand how their supplementation could potentially help muscle inflammation improve recovery.

Language: Английский

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Effect of food sources of nitrate, polyphenols, L-arginine and L-citrulline on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Abstract Background Increasing nitric oxide bioavailability may induce physiological effects that enhance endurance exercise performance. This review sought to evaluate the performance of consuming foods containing compounds promote bioavailability. Methods Scopus, Web Science, Ovid Medline, EMBASE and SportDiscus were searched, with included studies assessing following consumption nitrate, L-arginine, L-citrulline or polyphenols. Random meta-analysis was conducted, subgroup analyses performed based on food sources, sex, fitness, test type supplementation protocol (e.g. duration). Results One hundred eighteen in meta-analysis, which encompassed 59 polyphenol studies, 56 nitrate three studies. No effect rich identified (SMD=-0.03, p=0.24). Trivial but significant benefits demonstrated for polyphenol-rich (SMD=0.15 0.17, respectively, p <0.001), including time-trial, time-to-exhaustion intermittent-type tests, both acute multiple-day supplementation, no found females. Among nitrate-rich foods, beneficial seen beetroot, not red spinach Swiss chard rhubarb. For grape, (nitrate-depleted) French maritime pine, Montmorency cherry pomegranate, while evident New Zealand blackcurrant, cocoa, ginseng, green tea raisins. Considerable heterogeneity between reflect food-specific differences study designs subject characteristics. Well-trained males (V̇O 2max ≥65 ml.kg.min -1 ) exhibited small, polyphenol, consumption. Conclusion Foods polyphenols provide trivial performance, although these be dependent. Highly trained athletes do appear benefit from Further research into dosage duration optimise ergogenic response is warranted. should whether differential sex-based responses are attributable sample size limitations. Other The registered Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/u7nsj funding provided.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Functional Phenolics Dietary Supplementation on Athletes’ Performance and Recovery: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(9), P. 4652 - 4652

Published: April 22, 2022

In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify micronutrients or nutritional strategies capable of preventing, at least, attenuating, exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress, improving athlete performance. The reason is that most exercises induce various changes in mitochondria cellular cytosol lead the generation reactive species free radicals whose accumulation can be harmful human health. Among them, supplementation with phenolic compounds seems a promising approach since their chemical structure, composed catechol, pyrogallol, methoxy groups, gives them remarkable health-promoting properties, such as ability suppress inflammatory processes, counteract damage, boost immune system, thus, reduce soreness accelerate recovery. Phenolic also already shown effective temporal performance reducing psychological stress fatigue. Therefore, aim this review summarize discuss current knowledge on effects dietary phenolics physical recovery athletes sports practitioners. Overall, reports show exert important benefits well play biological/physiological role

Language: Английский

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