Control of Immunity by the Microbiota

Annual Review of Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 449 - 479

Published: April 26, 2021

The immune system has coevolved with extensive microbial communities living on barrier sites that are collectively known as the microbiota. It is increasingly clear antigens and metabolites engage in a constant dialogue system, leading to microbiota-specific responses occur absence of inflammation. This form homeostatic immunity encompasses many arms immunity, including B cell responses, innate-like T cells, conventional helper regulatory responses. In this review we summarize examples adaptive microbiota, focusing fundamental aspects commensal recognition across different sites. Furthermore, explore how cross talk established during development, emphasizing critical temporal windows establish long-term function. Finally, highlight dysregulation microbiota can lead inflammation disease, pinpoint outstanding questions controversies regarding system–microbiota interactions.

Language: Английский

---

Immunoglobulins, Mucosal Immunity and Vaccination in Teleost Fish

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 2, 2020

Due to direct contact with aquatic environment, mucosal surfaces of teleost fish are continuously exposed a vast number pathogens and also inhabited by high densities commensal microbiota. The B cells immunoglobulins within the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) play key roles in local adaptive immune responses. So far, three Ig isotypes (i.e., IgM, IgD, IgT/Z) have been identified from genomic sequences different species. Moreover, Igs reported elicit mammalian-like response six MALTs: gut-associated tissue (GALT), skin-associated (SALT), gill-associated (GIALT), nasal-associated (NALT), recently discovered buccal pharyngeal MALTs. Critically, analogous mammalian IgA, IgT represents most ancient Ab class specialized immunity plays indispensable clearance maintenance microbiota homeostasis. Given these, this review summarizes current findings on Igs, MALTs, their responses pathogenic infection, vaccination microbiota, purpose facilitating future evaluation rational design vaccines.

Language: Английский

---

Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance: mechanisms and regulation

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 347 - 360

Published: Dec. 20, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Mucosal immunoglobulins of teleost fish: A decade of advances

Developmental & Comparative Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121, P. 104079 - 104079

Published: March 27, 2021

Immunoglobulins (Igs) are complex glycoproteins that play critical functions in innate and adaptive immunity of all jawed vertebrates. Given the unique characteristics mucosal barriers, secretory Igs (sIgs) have specialized to maintain homeostasis keep pathogens at bay tissues from fish mammals. In teleost fish, three main IgH isotypes, IgM, IgD IgT/Z can be found different proportions secretions skin, gills, gut, nasal, buccal, pharyngeal mucosae. Similar role mammalian IgA, IgT plays a predominant immunity. Recent studies illuminated primordial sIgs both microbiota pathogen control sites. Ten years ago, was discovered an immunoglobulin class Aiming this 10-year anniversary, goal review is summarize current status field since discovery, while identifying knowledge gaps future avenues will move forward basic applied science areas.

Language: Английский

---

The Fish Microbiota: Research Progress and Potential Applications

Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29, P. 137 - 146

Published: March 16, 2023

The gut microbiota plays an important role in host health and disease. Our understanding of the fish lags far behind our knowledge that humans other mammals. Nevertheless, research has highlighted importance health, performance, various physiological functions fish. been studied species, including model animals, economic fish, wild species. composition depends on selection, diet, environmental factors. intestinal affects nutritional metabolism, immunity, disease resistance host, while regulates a reciprocal way through both immune non-immune Improved novel gnotobiotic models have developed, which are for mechanistic study host-microbiota interactions In this review, we discuss recent progress research. We describe aspects research, studies variations fundamental extending host–microbiota interaction Perspectives how may benefit industrial sustainability also discussed.

Language: Английский

---

The interactions between the host immunity and intestinal microorganisms in fish

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 108(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Mycotoxin and Gut Microbiota Interactions

Toxins, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 769 - 769

Published: Dec. 4, 2020

The interactions between mycotoxins and gut microbiota were discovered early in animals explained part of the differences susceptibility to among species. Isolation microbes present responsible for biotransformation into less toxic metabolites binding led development probiotics, enzymes, cell extracts that are used prevent mycotoxin toxicity animals. More recently, bioactivation compounds, notably through hydrolysis masked mycotoxins, revealed health benefits effect on can vary strongly depending microbe concerned. Interactions also be observed microbiota. Changes secondary exposure may consequence antimicrobial properties or epithelial immune cells gut, liberation peptides by these cells. Whatever mechanism involved, leads changes composition at phylum, genus, species level. These lead disruption barrier function bacterial translocation. modulate such as toxins themselves. A last change is suspected variations amount volatile fatty acids sphingolipids normally digesta, contribute occurrence chronic diseases human. purpose this work review what known about interactions, mechanisms involved their practical application, identify knowledge gaps future research needs.

Language: Английский

---

Commensal bacteria‐immunity crosstalk shapes mucosal homeostasis in teleost fish

Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 2322 - 2343

Published: May 28, 2021

Abstract Fish harbour complex and dynamic microbiota in their mucosal surfaces. Due to the vital role of commensal many biological functions including growth enhancement, nutrition, development, metabolism immune response, scholars have begun refer microbiome as an ‘extended self’. Several studies indicated that a normal contributes fish health, disturbances microbial communities may lead secondary infections disease. Under evolutionary selective forces, developed excellent innate mechanisms adaptive system composed B cells T discriminate between beneficial opportunistic bacteria for homeostasis. Many functional demonstrated involvement cells, cytokines Igs maintaining homeostasis, microbes contribute improving barrier against external threats. Additionally, host‐derived probiotics been empirically used aquaculture sector provide effective protection diseases. Although little is known about interactions compared mammals, managing represent promising alternative antibiotics disease prevention control. This review thus provides updated comprehensive summary currently characterized microbe compositions tissues. Thereafter, current knowledge on crosstalk application also discussed herein, thereby providing theoretical basis development microbe‐based control technologies aquaculture.

Language: Английский

---

Prevailing Role of Mucosal Igs and B Cells in Teleost Skin Immune Responses to Bacterial Infection

The Journal of Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 206(5), P. 1088 - 1101

Published: Feb. 16, 2021

The skin of vertebrates is the outermost organ body and serves as first line defense against external aggressions. In contrast to mammalian skin, that teleost fish lacks keratinization has evolved operate a mucosal surface containing skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT). Thus far, IgT representing prevalent Ig in SALT have only been reported upon infection with parasite. However, very little known about types B cells Igs responding bacterial mucosa, well inductive or effector role such responses. To address these questions, this study, we analyzed immune response trout one most widespread pathogens,

Language: Английский

---

Cold-blooded vertebrates evolved organized germinal center–like structures

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(90)

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Germinal centers (GCs) or analogous secondary lymphoid microstructures (SLMs) are thought to have evolved in endothermic species. However, living representatives of their ectothermic ancestors can mount potent antibody responses upon infection immunization, despite the apparent lack SLMs these cold-blooded vertebrates. How and where adaptive immune induced species absence GCs remain poorly understood. Here, we infected a teleost fish (trout) with parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) identified formation large aggregates highly proliferating IgM + B cells CD4 T cells, contiguous splenic melanomacrophage (MMCs). Most MMC-associated (M-LAs) contained numerous antigen (Ag)–specific cells. Analysis heavy chain CDR3 repertoire microdissected M-LAs non–M-LA areas revealed that most frequent cell clones after Ich were shared only within animals. These represented polyclonal which Ag-specific clonal expansion occurred. M-LA–associated expressed high levels activation-induced cytidine deaminase underwent significant apoptosis, somatic hypermutation Igμ genes occurred prevalently Our findings demonstrate ectotherms organized GC-like roles. Moreover, our results also point primordially conserved mechanisms by mammalian develop function.

Language: Английский

---